INFLUENCE OF VELOCITY GRADIENT ON OPTIMISATION OF THE AGGREGATION PROCESS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FORMED AGGREGATES: Part 1. Inline high density suspension (IHDS) aggregation process

CAMP T.R., 1946: Sedimentation and the design of settling tank. Trans. Soc. Civ. Engrs., 895-901.10.1061/TACEAT.0005912Search in Google Scholar

CAMP T.R., 1953: Flocculation and flocculation basins. Proc. Am. Soc. Civ. Engrs. 79, 283.Search in Google Scholar

CAMP T.R., 1968: Floc volume concentration. JAWWA 60, 656-673.10.1002/j.1551-8833.1968.tb03592.xSearch in Google Scholar

CAMP T.R. and STEIN P.C., 1943: Velocity gradients and internal work in fluid motion. J. Boston Soc. Civ. Engrs., 4, 219-237.Search in Google Scholar

DUCOSTE J.J. and CLARK M.M., 1998: The influence of tank size and impeller geometry on turbulent flocculation: I. Experimental. Environ. Eng. Sci., 15, 3, 215-224.10.1089/ees.1998.15.215Search in Google Scholar

FAIR G.M. and GEYER J.C., 1958: Elements of water supply and wastewater disposal. Willey, New York.Search in Google Scholar

HAM R.K. and CHRISTMAN R.F., 1969: Agglomerate size changes in coagulation. J. San. Engng. Div. SA, 3, 95, 481-502.10.1061/JSEDAI.0000967Search in Google Scholar

HAN M.Y. and LAWLER D.F., 1991: Interaction of two settling spheres: settling rates and collision efficiencies. J. Hydraul. Eng. ASCE, 117, 1269-1289.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1991)117:10(1269)Search in Google Scholar

HAN M.Y. and LAWLER D.F., 1992: The (Relative) Insignificance of G in flocculation. JAWWA, 84, 79-91.10.1002/j.1551-8833.1992.tb05869.xSearch in Google Scholar

HARRIS H.S., KAUFMANN W.J. and KRONE R.B., 1966: Orthokinetic flocculation in water purification. Proc. ASCE, J. San. Engng. Div., SA6, 92, 95-111.10.1061/JSEDAI.0000697Search in Google Scholar

HEREIT F., MUTL S. and VAGNER V., 1977: Evalustion of waterworks operation. (In Czech.) Vodní hospodarstvi, 4, rada B.Search in Google Scholar

HUDSON H.R. Jr., 1965: Physical aspects of flocculation. JAWWA, 57, 7, 885-892.10.1002/j.1551-8833.1965.tb01476.xSearch in Google Scholar

HUDSON H.R. Jr., 1973: Evaluation of plant operating and jar test data. AWWA, 65, 5, 368.10.1002/j.1551-8833.1973.tb01852.xSearch in Google Scholar

IVES K.J., 1978: The scientific basis of flocculation (Sijthof & Nordhoff Int. Publishers, Alphen aan der Rijn, Netherlands.10.1007/978-94-009-9938-1Search in Google Scholar

LAWLER D.F., 2000: Theory of particle processes: Changes in size distribution in flocculation, sedimentation and filtration. Proc. Workshop on Particle Counting and Characterization in Drinking Water Treatment, November, Johannesburg, South Africa.Search in Google Scholar

MUTL S., POLASEK P., 2002: Particle Sizes and Particle Size-Fraction Distribution in Water Treatment. Conf. IWA, Poster Paper, April 2002, Melbourne, Australia.Search in Google Scholar

PARKER D.S., KAUFMAN W.J. and JENKINS D., 1972: Floc breakup in turbulent flocculation processes. Proc. ASCE J. San. Engng. Div. SA, 1, 98, 79-99.10.1061/JSEDAI.0001389Search in Google Scholar

POLASEK P., 1970 & 1972a: Float-Filter, method and apparatus for two-stage treatment of liquids; Water clarification. SA Patents.Search in Google Scholar

POLASEK P., 1980: HR Clarifier performance results. Proc. Int. Conf. SAFIL, Johannesburg.Search in Google Scholar

POLASEK, P., 2005: High Rate Clarification Technology. PPA Johannesburg, Research Report, HRCT 01/72.Search in Google Scholar

POLASEK P., 2007: Differentiation between different kinds of mixing in water purification - back to basics. J. Water SA, 33, 2, 249-251.10.4314/wsa.v33i2.49082Search in Google Scholar

POLASEK, P., 2009: Optimised conditions for application of organic flocculant aids in water purification. J. DWES, paper No. 2009-6 Drink. Water Eng. Sci. Discuss., 2, 205-229, doi: 10.5194/dwesd-2-205-2009.10.5194/dwesd-2-205-2009Search in Google Scholar

POLASEK P. and MUTL S., 1995: Guidelines to coagulation and flocculation for surface water - Volume II: Evaluation of treatment process efficiency of different waterworks - Case Studies. PPA, Johannesburg.Search in Google Scholar

POLASEK P. and MUTL S., 2005a: Acceleration of gravity separation process. J. Filtration 5, 1, 33-39.Search in Google Scholar

POLASEK P. and MUTL S., 2005b: High Rate Clarification technology. Proc. IWA Spec. Conf.: Particle Separation 2005, Seoul, South Korea.Search in Google Scholar

POLASEK P. and VAN DUUREN F.A., 1979: Orthokinetic flocculation. Proc. Summer School, University of Pretoria, South Africa.Search in Google Scholar

POLASEK P. and VAN DUUREN F.A., 1981: The performance results from the operation of High Rate Clarifiers at Bethlehem Municipal Waterworks. Proc. Water Industry, 81, Int. Conf. Brighton, UK.Search in Google Scholar

RITCHIE A.R., 1965: Certain aspects of flocculation as applied to sewage purification. PhD Thesis, London, Univ. of London 1955 - cited from Tesarik I. (1968): Discussion to Ives K.: Theory of operation of sludge blanket clarifiers. Proc. Instn. Civ. Engrs, 39, 569.Search in Google Scholar

SCHUTTE F., 2006: Handbook for the operation of Water Treatment Works. Publ. TT 265/06, WRC Pretoria, RSA.Search in Google Scholar

SMOLUCHOVSKI M., 1917: Versuch einer matematischen Theorie der Koagulationskinetik kolloider Lösungen. Z. Physik. Chem. 92, 129.10.1515/zpch-1918-9209Search in Google Scholar

SOUCEK J. and SINDELAR J., 1967: The use of a dimensionless criterion in the characterization of flocculation. VUV Praha, Prace a Studie, sesit 112.Search in Google Scholar

SPICER P.T. and PRATSINIS S.E., 1996: Shear induced flocculation: The evaluation of floc structure and the shape of the size distribution at the steady size. Wat. Res., 30, 1049-1056.10.1016/0043-1354(95)00253-7Search in Google Scholar

SWIFT D.L. and FRIEDLANDER S.K., 1965: The coagulation of hydrosols by Brownian motion and laminar shear flow. J. Colloid Sci., 20, 1070.Search in Google Scholar

TAMBO N. and WATANABE Y., 1979: Physical aspects of flocculation process. I. Fundamental treatise. Wat. Res., 13, 429-439.10.1016/0043-1354(79)90035-6Search in Google Scholar

THOMAS D.N., JUDD S.J. and FAWCETT N., 1999: Flocculation modelling: A review. Wat. Res. Vol. 33, No. 7, pp. 1579-1592.10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00392-3Search in Google Scholar

VAN DUUREN F.A., 1997: Water Purification Works Design. Publ. TT 92/97, WRC Pretoria, RSA.Search in Google Scholar

WALKER J.D., 1968: High energy flocculation and air-and-water backwashing. JAWWA, 60, 321.10.1002/j.1551-8833.1968.tb03550.xSearch in Google Scholar