[Bastian, B. and Haslam, N., 2011. Experiencing dehumanization: Cognitive and emotional effects of everyday dehumanization. Basic and Applied Social. Psychology, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 295–303.10.1080/01973533.2011.614132]Search in Google Scholar
[Berberović, S. and Mujagić, M., 2017. A marriage of convenience or an amicable divorce: Metaphorical blends in the debates on Brexit. ExELL, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–24.10.2478/exell-2018-0001]Search in Google Scholar
[Bermingham, A. et al. 2009. Combining social network analysis and sentiment analysis to explore the potential for online radicalization. In: 2009 International Conference on Advances in Social Network Analysis and Mining. Paper presented at the 2009 International Conference on Advances in Social Network Analysis and Mining, pp. 231–236.]Search in Google Scholar
[Brandt, L. and Brandt, P.A., 2005. Making sense of a blend: A cognitive-semiotic approach to metaphor. Annual Review of Cognitive Linguistics, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 216–249.10.1075/arcl.3.12bra]Search in Google Scholar
[Burris, V., Smith, E. and Strahm, A., 2000. White supremacist networks on the internet. Sociological Focus, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 215–235.10.1080/00380237.2000.10571166]Search in Google Scholar
[Charteris-Black, J., 2004. Corpus approaches to critical metaphor analysis. Hampshire and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/9780230000612]Search in Google Scholar
[Costello, K. and Hodson, G., 2014. Explaining dehumanization among children: The interspecies model of prejudice. The British Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 175–197.10.1111/bjso.12016]Search in Google Scholar
[Crisp, P. et al. The Pragglejaz Group, 2007. MIP: A method for identifying metaphorically used words in discourse. Metaphor and Symbol, vol. 22, no.1, pp. 1–39.10.1207/s15327868ms2201_1]Search in Google Scholar
[Donnelly, D. et al. 2001. Involuntary celibacy: A life course analysis. The Journal of Sex Research, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 159–169.]Search in Google Scholar
[Fauconnier, G. and Turner, M., 2002. The way we think: Conceptual blending and the mind’s hidden complexities. New York: Basic Books.]Search in Google Scholar
[Fauconnier, G. and Turner, M., 2003. Conceptual blending, form and meaning. Recherches en Communication, vol. 19: Sémiotique cognitive — Cognitive Semiotics, pp. 57-86.10.14428/rec.v19i19.48413]Search in Google Scholar
[Fontecha, A.F. and Jiménez Catalán, R.M., 2003. Semantic derogation in animal metaphor: A contrastive-cognitive analysis of two male/female examples in English and Spanish. Journal of Pragmatics, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 771–797.10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00127-3]Search in Google Scholar
[Gerstenfeld, P.B., Grant, D.R. and Chiang, C.-P., 2003. Hate online: A Content analysis of extremist internet sites. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 29–44.10.1111/j.1530-2415.2003.00013.x]Search in Google Scholar
[Gibbs, R.W., 2015. Does deliberate metaphor theory have a future? Journal of Pragmatics, vol. 90, pp. 73–76.10.1016/j.pragma.2015.03.016]Search in Google Scholar
[Ging, D., 2017. Alphas, betas, and incels: Theorizing the masculinities of the manosphere. Men Masculinities, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 638-657.10.1177/1097184X17706401]Search in Google Scholar
[Gotell, L. and Dutton, E., 2016. Sexual violence in the ‘manosphere’: Antifeminist men’s rights discourses on rape. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 65-80.10.5204/ijcjsd.v5i2.310]Search in Google Scholar
[Grady, J., 2005. Primary metaphors as inputs to conceptual integration. Journal of Pragmatics, vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 1595–1614.10.1016/j.pragma.2004.03.012]Search in Google Scholar
[Grady, J., Coulson, S. and Oakley, T., 1999. Blending and metaphor. In: G. Steen & R. Gibbs, eds. Metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics. John Benjamins, Philadelphia, pp. 101–124.10.1075/cilt.175.07gra]Search in Google Scholar
[Hart, C., 2008. Critical discourse analysis and metaphor: Toward a theoretical framework. Critical Discourse Studies, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 91–106.10.1080/17405900801990058]Search in Google Scholar
[Haslam, N., 2006. Dehumanization: An Integrative Review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 252–264.10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_4]Search in Google Scholar
[Hodson, G., MacInnis, C.C. and Costello, K., 2014. (Over)valuing “humanness” as an aggravator of intergroup prejudices and discrimination. In: P. G. Bain, J. Vaes, & J.-P. Leyens, eds. Humanness and Dehumanization. New York: Psychology Press, pp. 86–110.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jaki, S., et al. 2019. Online hatred of women in the Incels.me forum: Linguistic analysis and automatic detection. Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 240–268.]Search in Google Scholar
[Jane, E.A., 2018. Systemic misogyny exposed: Translating rapeglish from the manosphere with a random rape threat generator. International Journal of Cultural Studies, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 661–680.10.1177/1367877917734042]Search in Google Scholar
[Khondker, H. H., 2011. Role of the new media in the Arab Spring. Globalizations, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 675–679.10.1080/14747731.2011.621287]Search in Google Scholar
[Koller, V., 2005. Critical discourse analysis and social cognition: Evidence from business media discourse. Discourse & Society, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 199–224.10.1177/0957926505049621]Search in Google Scholar
[Krzeszowski, T.P., 1997. Angels and devils in hell: Elements of axiology in semantics. Warszawa: Energeia.]Search in Google Scholar
[Lakoff, G., 1991. Metaphor and war: The metaphor system used to justify War in the Gulf. Peace Research, vol. 23, no. 2/3, pp. 25–32.]Search in Google Scholar
[Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M., 1980. Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.]Search in Google Scholar
[Lakoff, G. and Turner, M., 1989. More than cool reason: A field guide to poetic metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226470986.001.0001]Search in Google Scholar
[Marwick, A.E., Caplan, R., 2018. Drinking male tears: Language, the manosphere, and networked harassment. Feminist Media Studies, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 543–559.10.1080/14680777.2018.1450568]Search in Google Scholar
[Müller, K., Schwarz, C., 2018. Fanning the flames of hate: Social media and hate crime. [Accessed 10 January 2020]. Available at: https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/staff/crschwarz/fanning-flames-hate.pdf10.2139/ssrn.3082972]Search in Google Scholar
[Musolff, A., 2012. The study of metaphor as part of critical discourse analysis. Critical Discourse Studies, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 301–310.10.1080/17405904.2012.688300]Search in Google Scholar
[Omotoyinbo, F.R., 2014. Online radicalization: the net or the netizen? Social Technologies, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 51–61.10.13165/ST-14-4-1-04]Search in Google Scholar
[Perez, N.P., 2013. Roles of women in advertising: The objectification of women and the shift to an empowering ad frame. [Accessed 10 January 2020]. Available at: https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/22407]Search in Google Scholar
[Prażmo, E., 2019. “Leftie snowflakes” and other metaphtonymies in the British political discourse. Journal of Language and Politics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 371–392.10.1075/jlp.17073.pra]Search in Google Scholar
[Prażmo, E. and Augustyn, R., 2020. Parasites, herbivores and dried fish: Dehumanizing metaphorical blends in Japanese. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 148-167.10.17576/gema-2020-2002-09]Search in Google Scholar
[Ribeiro, M.H. et al. 2020. The Evolution of the manosphere across the web. arXiv: Computers and Society. [Accessed 22 August 2020]. Available at: https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.07600]Search in Google Scholar
[Rigato, E. and Minelli, A., 2013. The great chain of being is still here. Evolution: Education and Outreach, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-6.10.1186/1936-6434-6-18]Search in Google Scholar
[Schröder, U., 2015. Metaphorical blends and their function in discourse on society: A cross-cultural study. Cognitive Linguistic Studies, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 50–78.10.1075/cogls.2.1.03sch]Search in Google Scholar
[Semino, E., 2010. Unrealistic scenarios, metaphorical blends and rhetorical strategies across genres. English Text Construction, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 250–274.10.1075/etc.3.2.07sem]Search in Google Scholar
[Soral, W., Bilewicz, M. and Winiewski, M., 2018. Exposure to hate speech increases prejudice through desensitization. Aggressive Behavior, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 136–146.10.1002/ab.21737]Search in Google Scholar
[Steen, G., 2010. When is metaphor deliberate? In: Selected Papers from the 2008 Stockholm Metaphor Festival. pp. 43–63.]Search in Google Scholar
[Steen, G., 2014. Deliberate metaphor affords conscious metaphorical cognition. Cognitive Semiotics, vol. 5, no. 1-2, pp.179–197.10.1515/cogsem.2013.5.12.179]Search in Google Scholar
[Steen, G., 2017. Deliberate metaphor theory: Basic assumptions, main tenets, urgent issues. Intercultural Pragmatics, vol. 14, no. 1, pp.1–24.10.1515/ip-2017-0001]Search in Google Scholar
[Steen, G., Reijnierse, G. and Burgers, C., 2014. When do natural language metaphors influence reasoning? A follow-up study to Thibodeau and Boroditsky (2013). PLOS ONE, vol. 9, no. 12, [Accessed 15 April 2019]. Available at: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0113536]Search in Google Scholar
[Thibodeau, P. and Boroditsky, L., 2011. Metaphors we think with: The role of metaphor in reasoning. PLOS ONE, vol. 6, no. 2, [Accessed 23 January 2019]. Available at: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.001678210.1371/journal.pone.0016782]Search in Google Scholar
[Tipler, C.N. and Ruscher, J.B., 2019. Dehumanizing representations of women: The shaping of hostile sexist attitudes through animalistic metaphors. Journal of Gender Studies, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 109–118.10.1080/09589236.2017.1411790]Search in Google Scholar
[Torok, R., 2013. Developing an explanatory model for the process of online radicalization and terrorism. Security Informatics, vol. 2, no. 6. [Accessed 10 May 2019]. Available at: https://security-informatics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/2190-8532-2-610.1186/2190-8532-2-6]Search in Google Scholar
[Townsend, E., 2014. Hate speech or genocidal discourse? An examination of anti-Roma sentiment in contemporary Europe. PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies, vol. 11, no. 1. [Accessed 23 May 2019]. Available at: https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/portal/article/view/3287/437010.5130/portal.v11i1.3287]Search in Google Scholar
[Ungerer, F. and Schmid, H.-J., 2006. An introduction to cognitive linguistics. New York:Routledge.]Search in Google Scholar
[van Dijk, T.A., 1993. Principles of critical discourse analysis. Discourse & Society, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 249–283.10.1177/0957926593004002006]Search in Google Scholar
[Waśniewska, M., 2017. The socio-parasite and bio-parasite metaphorical concepts in racist discourse. Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies, vol. 17, pp. 46–61.10.15290/cr.2017.17.2.03]Search in Google Scholar
[Waśniewska, M., 2018. A dog or a wolf – The role of connotations in animalistic metaphors and the process of dehumanisation. New Horizons in English Studies, vol. 3, pp. 3-17.10.17951/nh.2018.3.3]Search in Google Scholar
[Wills, D., 2009. At war with metaphor: Media, propaganda, and racism in the war on terror. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.]Search in Google Scholar