Radio of Flesh and Bone: Community Radio in the Authoritarian and Patriarchal Context of Today’s Nicaragua

Amador Rodríguez, B. (2020). La importancia de Radio Sandino durante la revolución nicaragüense (1977-1979). MARCO (Márketing y Comunicación Política), 6, 33-48. https://doi.org/10.15304/marco.id6888Search in Google Scholar

AMARC. (2022). About Amarc. https://amarc.radio/about-amarc/Search in Google Scholar

AMARC. (2022, October 5). Otra radio comunitaria nicaragüense logra realizar la transición digital con apoyo de Search in Google Scholar

AMARC ALC y BIG Radio. https://amarc-alc.org/otra-radio-comunitaria-nicaraguense-logra-realizar-la-transicion-digital-con-apoyo-de-amarc-alc-y-big-radio/Search in Google Scholar

Article 19. (2019). Global Expression Report 2018/19: The state of freedom of expression around the world. https://www.article19.org/reader/global-expression-report-2018-19/regional-overviews/the-americas-regional-overview/the-americas-countries-in-focus/country-in-focus-nicaragua/Search in Google Scholar

Article 19. (2022). The Global Expression Report 2022: The intensifying battle for narrative control. https://www.article19.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/A19-GxR-Report-22.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

El Centro Nicaragüense de Derechos Humanos. (2023, January). Nicaragua: Se impone el Terror, persiste la Resistencia. Situación de Derechos Humanos. Informe 2022. https://www.cenidh.org/media/documents/docfile/Informe_Anual_2022_vfinal_190123.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

El Centro Nicaragüense de Derechos Humanos. (n.d.) ¿Quiénes somos? https://www.cenidh.org/quienes/Search in Google Scholar

CIVICUS. (2022, August 23). Nicaragua: Closure of CSOs, Community Radio Stations, and Television Cable Channel. https://monitor.civicus.org/updates/2022/08/23/nicaragua-closure-csos-community-radio-stations-and-television-cable-channel/Search in Google Scholar

Colectivo de Mujeres de Matagalpa. (2022, September 1). Pronunciamiento. https://www.facebook.com/colectivodemujeresdematagalpa/photos/a.1573356746222523/3197120403846141/?type=3Search in Google Scholar

Coleman, J. (2021, July 29). Pueblo Miskitu, YATAMA, and Yapti Tasba Radios Advance Indigenous Rights on the North Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua. Cultural Survival. https://www.culturalsurvival.org/news/pueblo-miskitu-yatama-and-yapti-tasba-radios-advance-indigenous-rights-north-caribbean-coastSearch in Google Scholar

Confidencial TV. (2022). Argentina Olivas, Radio Vos: “Pueden apagar la radio, pero nunca van a callar nuestra voz.” https://www.confidencial.digital/confidencialtv/argentina-olivas-radio-vos-pueden-apagar-la-radio-pero-nunca-van-a-callar-nuestra-voz/Search in Google Scholar

Crabtree, R. D. (1996). Community radio in Sandinista Nicaragua, 1979-1992: participatory communication and the revolutionary process. Historical Journal of Film, Radio, and Television, 16(2), 221–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/01439689600260241Search in Google Scholar

Gross, T. (Host). (1995, November 7). “The Voice of Radio Sandino” [Audio Interview]. In Fresh Air Archive. WHYY Philadelphia. https://freshairarchive.org/segments/voice-radio-sandinoSearch in Google Scholar

Grupo Venancia. (2023, January 8). ¡Hoy se nos tomaron nuestras instalaciones! https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=480968987584774&set=a.382547220760285Search in Google Scholar

Hobson Herlihy, L. (2017, November 30). Sandinistas Slaughter Indigenous Yatama Party in hrwSearch in Google Scholar

Nicaraguan Elections. Cultural Survival. https://www.culturalsurvival.org/news/sandinistas-slaughter-indigenous-yatama-party-nicaraguan-electionsSearch in Google Scholar

Hobson Herlihy, L. (2018, April 27). Yatama Vindicated by Nicaraguan Protests. Cultural Survival. https://www.culturalsurvival.org/news/yatama-vindicated-nicaraguan-protestsSearch in Google Scholar

Human Rights Watch. World Report 2023: Events of 2022. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2023/country-chapters/nicaraguaSearch in Google Scholar

Infobae. (2022, August 3). Censura en Nicaragua: el régimen de Ortega cerró otra radio y denuncian una “masacre a la libertad informativa.” https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2022/08/03/censura-en-nicaragua-el-regimen-de-ortega-cerro-otra-radio-y-denuncian-una-masacre-a-la-libertad-informativa/Search in Google Scholar

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR). Nicaragua must cease persecution of independent press and be held accountable for its actions, SRFOE Press Release R163/22, July 15, 2022. https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/expression/showarticle.asp?artID=1245&lID=1Search in Google Scholar

Krohling Peruzzo, C.M. (2006). Radio comunitaria, educomunicación y desarrollo social. Contratexto (Lima, Peru), 14, 199–222. https://doi.org/10.26439/contratexto2006.n014.769Search in Google Scholar

La Lupa Nicaragua. https://lalupa.press/english/Search in Google Scholar

Lacayo, I., & Sánchez, M.I. (2021, May 5). Gobierno ejecutó genocidio mediático en 12 departamentos del país. República18. https://republica18.com/gobierno-ejecuto-genocidio-mediatico-en-12-departamen-tos-del-pais/Search in Google Scholar

Lacayo, I., & Sánchez, M.I. (2020, June 30). Gobierno de Daniel Ortega ha cerrado 20 medios de comunicación en Nicaragua. Confidencial. https://www.confidencial.digital/nacion/gobierno-ha-ordenado-cierre-de-medios-de-comunicacion-en-nicaragua/Search in Google Scholar

Ley General de Telecomunicaciones y Servicios Postales. Ley 200, Artículo 41. (1995, June 21). http://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/normaweb.nsf/3133c0d121ea3897062568a1005e0f89/e19d0a4ff-53c43320625715a00587598?OpenDocumentSearch in Google Scholar

López Vigil, J.I. (1995). ¿Qué hace comunitaria a una radio comunitaria? Chasqui. Revista Latinoamericana de Comunicación, 52, 51 - 54. http://hdl.handle.net/10469/13097Search in Google Scholar

López Vigil, J.I. (2015). Pasión por la Radio: Capacitación de capacitadores. Creative Commons. https://radialistas.net/pasion-por-la-radio-capacitacion-de-capacitadores/Search in Google Scholar

Matagalpa Women’s Network. (2023, February 3). Ocho femicidios. https://www.facebook.com/RedMujeres-Matagalpa/posts/pfbid0FapVTKy1N3YUWiGfqYZHwGFviV3upRmSaNkLfu2BYBx3iGmJDECYNLPqEmJ8ojJLlSearch in Google Scholar

Mesoamerican Initiative of Women Human Rights Defenders. (2022, August 30). Daniel Ortega shuts down feminist community radio station Radio Vos, along with eight other local radio stations and a television channel. [WHRD Alert] Nicaragua. https://im-defensoras.org/2022/08/whrd-alert-nicaragua-daniel-ortega-shuts-down-feminist-community-radio-station-radio-vos-along-with-eight-other-local-radio-stations-anda-television-channel/Search in Google Scholar

Mistral, G. (1931, September). Conversando sobre la tierra. Repertorio Americano. 23.11.: 172-73.Search in Google Scholar

Morris, C. D. (2018, May 14). Unexpected Uprising: The Crisis of Democracy in Nicaragua. North American Congress on Latin America. https://nacla.org/news/2018/07/11/unexpected-uprising-crisis-democracy-nicaraguaSearch in Google Scholar

Nayar, P. K. (2015). The postcolonial studies dictionary / Pramod K. Nayar. Wiley Blackwell.Search in Google Scholar

Periodista Multimedia. (2022, February 14). Radios comunitarias de Nicaragua: el reto de sobrevivir. Literal Periodismo Ciudadano. https://literalni.com/radios-comunitarias-nicaragua/Search in Google Scholar

Radio Darío. (n.d). Sobre Radio Darío. https://www.radiodario893.com/sobre-radio-dario/Search in Google Scholar

Radio Vos. (n.d.). Nosotras. https://radiovos.org/nosotras/Search in Google Scholar

Radio Vos [@RadioVosFM]. (2022, Sept 1). Policía ingresó a las instalaciones del Colectivo de Mujeres [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/RadioVosFMSearch in Google Scholar

Radio Vos. (2022, August 2). Pronunciamiento. https://www.facebook.com/radiovos.org/posts/7746458142062250Search in Google Scholar

Radio Vos. (2022, July 29). La migración también se da por persecución y amenazas de muerte, no todo es crisis económica. https://radiovos.org/noticias/15688-la-migracion-tambien-se-da-por-persecucion-y-amenazasde-muerte-no-todo-es-crisis-economica/Search in Google Scholar

Radio Vos. (2022, September 6). Policía entra a la casa de Radio Vos. https://radiovos.org/noticias/15902-radio-vos-instalaciones-tomadas-policia-matagalpa/Search in Google Scholar

Radio Vos. (2022, September 30). Abuso sexual hacia la niñez un delito para no perdonar ni justificar. https://radiovos.org/noticias/16042-abuso-sexual-delito-ninez-derechos-nicaragua/Search in Google Scholar

Radio Vos. (2022, October 19). Organización feminista denuncia femicidio frustrado en Rosita y exige captura del responsable. https://radiovos.org/noticias/16150-feministas-denuncian-femicidio-frustrado-rosita-captura/Search in Google Scholar

Radio Vos. (2022, November 7). Mujeres nicaragüenses brindan un gran aporte a la economía familiar. https://radiovos.org/noticias/16242-mujeres-nicaraguenses-aporte-economia-empleos-comunidades/Search in Google Scholar

Radio Vos. (2022, September 30). Rompamos el silencio: Abuso sexual y perdón. https://radiovos.org/noticias/16042-abuso-sexual-delito-ninez-derechos-nicaraguaSearch in Google Scholar

Reporters without Borders (RSF). (2022a). 2022 World Press Freedom Index. https://rsf.org/en/indexSearch in Google Scholar

Reporters without Borders (RSF). (2022b). Americas: Murders in the south, attacks in the north. https://rsf.org/en/region/americasSearch in Google Scholar

Saballos, C., Zapata, L., Salís, G., Jirón, A. & Castillo, D. (2012). Mapeo de radios locales y radios comunitarias en los departamentos de León, Granada, Matagalpa y la ciudad de Bluefields. Contextos. Universidad Centroamericana, Managua: UCA. http://repositorio.uca.edu.ni/4943/1/LE46.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). (2023, Jan). International Protection Considerations with Regard to People Fleeing Nicaragua. www.refworld.org/docid/63bc17264.htmlVoces del Sur. (2023, January 9). Año 2022 Cierra con Preocupante Autocensura, Marcada Tendencia de Agresiones a Mujeres Periodistas y Más Hostilidad Gubernamental. https://vocesdelsurunidas.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/DOC-20230108-WA0035.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

Zamora, Randall, M., & Randall, E. (1993). “Radio Sandino.” Clean slate: new & selected poems / Daisy Zamora; translated by Margaret Randall & Elinor Randall. (1st ed.). Curbstone Press. Search in Google Scholar