Open Access

Ethnolinguistics Vitality Theory: The Last Stance for a Language Survival


Cite

Anderson, L. (2020). Catalan Language and Literature: “All the eloquence, elegance, and learning of the Greeks”. Essays on Early Modern European Popular Culture and the Formation of Nationalism (p. 4). Search in Google Scholar

Abu-Laban, Y. (2002). Liberalism, multiculturalism and the problem of essentialism1. Citizenship Studies, 6(4), 459–482. Search in Google Scholar

Ager, D. E. (2001). Motivation in language planning and language policy (Vol. 119). Multilingual Matters. Search in Google Scholar

Albert, R. D., Gabrielsen, S., & Landis, D. (2012). Ethnic conflict from an interdisciplinary perspective: Lessons learned, policy implications, and recommendations for conflict amelioration and peace building. In Handbook of Ethnic Conflict (pp. 587–630). Springer. Search in Google Scholar

Allport, G. W., Clark, K., & Pettigrew, T. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Search in Google Scholar

Amara, M., & Mar'i, A. A. R. (2006). Language education policy: The Arab minority in Israel (Vol. 1). Springer Science & Business Media. Search in Google Scholar

Baaij, C. J. (2012). The EU policy on institutional multilingualism: Between principles and practicality. JLL, 1, 14. Search in Google Scholar

BBC. (2014, October 14). Belarusian, Belarusan. www.bbc.co.uk/languages/european_languages/languages/belarusian.shtml Search in Google Scholar

Bennett, R. (1987). Integration of Bilingual Emphasis Program into University Curriculum. Multiple Subjects Credential Program: Hupa, Yurok, Karuk, or Tolowa Emphasis. Search in Google Scholar

Bianco, J. L., Hornberger, N. H., & McKay, S. L. (2010). Language policy and planning. Sociolinguistics and Language Education, 18, 143. Search in Google Scholar

Beer, W. R., & Jacob, J. E. (1985). Language policy and national unity. Government Institutes. Search in Google Scholar

Bekus, N. (2013). Belarusian Language Policy in the Context of Linguistic Human Rights. http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~postcomm/papers/2012-2013/ Search in Google Scholar

Bensadoun, D. (2015). This week in history: Revival of the Hebrew language. The Jerusalem Post. jpost.com/Jewish-World/Jewish-News/This-week-in-history-Revival-of-the-Hebrew-language Search in Google Scholar

Bolinger, D. (2014). Language-the loaded weapon: The use and abuse of language today. Routledge. Search in Google Scholar

Bonfiglio, T. P. (2010). Mother Tongues and Nations. The invention of the native speaker (Vol. 226). De Gruyter MOUTON. Search in Google Scholar

Bonfiglio, T. P. (2017). Language, Thought, and Economy. In The Psychopathology of American Capitalism (pp. 115–145). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Search in Google Scholar

Bosch, L., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2001). Evidence of early language discrimination abilities in infants from bilingual environments. Infancy, 2(1), 29–49. Search in Google Scholar

Bourhis, R. Y. (2019). Evaluating the impact of Bill 101 on the English-speaking communities of Quebec. Language Problems and Language Planning, 43(2), 198–229. Search in Google Scholar

Bowman, G. (2021). Xenophobia, fantasy and the nation: The logic of ethnic violence in former Yugoslavia. In The anthropology of Europe (pp. 143–171). Routledge. Search in Google Scholar

Bridger, D., Wolk, S., & Eban, A. (Eds.). (1976). The new Jewish encyclopedia. Behrman House, Inc. Search in Google Scholar

Calvet, L. J. (2006). Language wars: Language policies and globalization. Nanovic Institute for European Studies. Search in Google Scholar

Chiti-Batelli, A. (2003). Can anything be done about the “glottophagy” of English? A bibliographical survey with a political conclusion. Language Problems and Language Planning, 27(2), 137–153. https://doi.org/10.1075/lplp.27.2.03chi Search in Google Scholar

Côté, F. (2017). Human Rights and the Judicial Subjugation of a Nation’s Legal Language: A Case Study on the Impact of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms on the Dynamics of Québec Private Law. Proceedings of The Fifteenth International Conference on Law and Language of the International Academy of Linguistic Law (IALL2017): Law, Language and Justice (p. 141). Search in Google Scholar

Crystal, D. (2000). Language death. Ernst Klett Sprachen. Search in Google Scholar

Dalby, A. (2003). Language in danger: The loss of linguistic diversity and the threat to our future. Columbia University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Danesh, H. B. (2008). Creating a culture of healing in multiethnic communities: An integrative approach to prevention and amelioration of violence-induced conditions. Journal of Community Psychology, 36(6), 814–832. Search in Google Scholar

David, A. E. (2018). The Relation between Language and National Conscientiousness, as an Aspect of Cultivation of the Romanian Language, Debated in the 19th Century Publications from Transylvania. Revista Transilvania, 2. Search in Google Scholar

Dogaru, V. (2004). Not finding a common tongue. Transitions Online, 7, 9. Search in Google Scholar

Dubinsky, S. (2019, December 11). Mapping ethnolinguistic identity and conflict in a post-colonial, post-cold War world. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1475531/ Search in Google Scholar

Ehala, M. (2015). Ethnolinguistic Vitality. In K. Tracy, T. Sandel & C. Ilie (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction (pp. 1–17). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118611463.wbielsi046 Search in Google Scholar

Ėstraĭkh, G. (1999). Soviet Yiddish: language planning and linguistic development. Clarendon Press. Search in Google Scholar

Eberhard, D. M., Simons, G. F. & Fennig, C. D. (Eds.) (2023). Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Twenty-sixth edition. SIL International. http://www.ethnologue.com. Search in Google Scholar

Evason, N. (2017). Communication. https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/polish-culture/polish-culture-communication Search in Google Scholar

Faltis, D. (1993). Language Policy and Language Repression: The Case of Spanish Basques and Mexican Americans. Explorations in Ethnic Studies, 16(2), 165–178. Search in Google Scholar

Ferraro, G. (2006). Cultural Anthropology: An Applied Perspective. Cengage Learning. Search in Google Scholar

Fishman, J. A. (Ed.). (2001). Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift, Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective. Multilingual Matters. Search in Google Scholar

Fox, M. (2006, October 23). William Bright, 78, Expert in Indigenous Languages, Is Dead. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/23/books/23bright.html Search in Google Scholar

Gabrič, A. (2020, January 20). Slovenian language and the Yugoslav People's Army. Sistory, 13. https://sistory.si/cdn/publikacije/36001-37000/36297/ch13.html Search in Google Scholar

Giles, H., & Johnson, P. (1987). Ethnolinguistic identity theory: A social psychological approach to language maintenance. DeGruyter. Search in Google Scholar

Gomashie, G. A. (2019). Kanien’keha/Mohawk Indigenous language revitalisation efforts in Canada. McGill Journal of Education/Revue des sciences de l'éducation de McGill, 54(1). Search in Google Scholar

Grejdeanu, T. (2014, February 19). Limba moldovenească, limba română și Curtea Constituțională de la Chișinău. https://moldova.europalibera.org/a/25270022.html Search in Google Scholar

Grondelaers, S., Speelman, D., Lybaert, C., & Van Gent, P. (2020). Getting a (big) data-based grip on ideological change. Evidence from Belgian Dutch. Journal of Linguistic Geography, 8(1), 49–65. Search in Google Scholar

Halperin, L. R. (2022). Metaphors of the sacred and profane in pre-state Zionist Hebrew discourse. Hebrew between Jews and Christians, 77, 337. Search in Google Scholar

Han, C. M., & Guo, C. (2018). How consumer ethnocentrism (CET), ethnocentric marketing, and consumer individualism affect ethnocentric behavior in China. Journal of Global Marketing, 31(5), 324–338. Search in Google Scholar

Hiene, B. (1997) Cognitive Foundations of Grammar. Oxford University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Helman, A. (2014). Becoming Israeli: National ideals and everyday life in the 1950s. Brandeis University Press. Search in Google Scholar

House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations [House]. (2008). Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2007, Report. Government Printing Office. Search in Google Scholar

Hughes, J. (2005). ‘Exit’in deeply divided societies: regimes of discrimination in Estonia and Latvia and the potential for Russophone migration. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 43(4), 739–762. Search in Google Scholar

Irvine, F., Roberts, G., & Bradbury-Jones, C. (2008). The researcher as insider versus the researcher as outsider: Enhancing rigour through language and cultural sensitivity. In Doing cross-cultural research (pp. 35–48). Springer, Dordrecht. Search in Google Scholar

Jernudd, B. H., & Shapiro, M. J. (Eds.). (2011). The politics of language purism (Vol. 54). Walter de Gruyter. Search in Google Scholar

Jovanović, O., Vladisavljević, M., Branković, M., & Žeželj, I. (2017). Methods section: Quantitative and qualitative examination of social identities and their mutual relations. In Shaping Social Identities After Violent Conflict (pp. 53–67). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Search in Google Scholar

Joyce, N., Vincze, L., & Marton, E. J. (2016). Crossing the communication divide: Intergroup contact and the desire to learn the outgroup’s language. Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 9(4), 295–311. Search in Google Scholar

Kamusella, T. (2008). The politics of language and nationalism in modern Central Europe. Springer. Search in Google Scholar

Kiouzepi, M., Kavallari, D., Staurou, A., & Vamvakidou, I. (2019). Historical Documentary Gender Identities in Goumenissa of Greece Multimodal Research Material. Rev. Eur. Stud., 11, 59. Search in Google Scholar

Kitzinger, C. (1996). Speaking of oppression: Psychology, politics, and the language of power. Preventing heterosexism and homophobia, 3–19. Search in Google Scholar

Klein, G. R., & Tokdemir, E. (2019). Domestic diversion: Selective targeting of minority out-groups. Conflict management and peace science, 36(1), 20–41. Search in Google Scholar

Kon, I. S. (Ed.). (1989). A history of classical sociology. Firebird Pubns. Search in Google Scholar

Koneska, C. (2016). After ethnic conflict: Policy-making in post-conflict BiHand Macedonia. Routledge. Search in Google Scholar

Koort, K. (2014). The Russians of Estonia: Twenty years after. World Affs., 177, 66. Search in Google Scholar

Kraus, P. A. (2015). Language policy and Catalan independence. In Catalonia in Spain and Europe (pp. 128–139). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG. Search in Google Scholar

Lang, B. (2020). Language and genocide. In Writing and the Moral Self (pp. 155–179). Routledge. Search in Google Scholar

Laitin, D. D. (2000). Language conflict and violence: The straw that strengthens the camel's back. European Journal of Sociology/Archives Européennes de Sociologie, 41(1), 97–137. Search in Google Scholar

Lepschy, G. (2016). Mother tongues and other reflections on the Italian language. University of Toronto Press. Search in Google Scholar

Levene, M. (2002). The changing face of mass murder: Massacre, genocide, and postgenocide. International Social Science Journal, 54(174), 443–452. Search in Google Scholar

Li, X., & Li, X. (2007). Identity puzzles. Identity and second language learning: Culture, inquiry, and dialogic activity in educational contexts (p. 23). Search in Google Scholar

Liu, Y. (2018). National Identity, Ethnocentrism and Consumer Ethnocentrism, and Effects of Language Choice in Advertising (Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology). Search in Google Scholar

Lowery, A. (2017, February 20). Belarusian on the road to revival. http://eucenterillinois-language.blogspot.com/2017/02/belarusianon-road-to-revival.html Search in Google Scholar

Lunenburg, F. C. (2010). Communication: The process, barriers, and improving effectiveness. Schooling, 1(1), 1–10. Search in Google Scholar

Marples, D. R., & Laputska, V. (2020). Kurapaty: Belarus’ continuing debates. Slavic Review, 79(3), 521–543. Search in Google Scholar

May, S. (2018). Language rights and language repression. The Oxford Handbook of Language Policy and Planning, 236–256. Search in Google Scholar

McCormack, S., & Ortiz, J. (2017). Choices and Connections: An Introduction to Communication (p. 109). Bedford/St.Martin's. Search in Google Scholar

Minga, K. J. (2017). Between linguicide and lingua-hatred: A provisional linguistic performativity model for Africa. Africology: The Journal of Pan African Studies, 10(3), 196–216. Search in Google Scholar

Mocanu, G. D. (2020). The evolution of the political objectives of creating and imposing the Moldavian language in the former Soviet Union. Identities in globalisation. Intercultural perspectives (p. 166). Search in Google Scholar

Moran, M. H. (2013). Liberia: The violence of democracy. University of Pennsylvania Press. Search in Google Scholar

Muñiz-Argüelles, L. (1989). The status of languages in Puerto Rico. Langue et droit (pp. 457–472). Search in Google Scholar

Nameni, A. (2020). Research into ethnocentrism and intercultural willingness to communicate of Iraqi and Iranian medical students in Iran. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 49(1), 61–85. Search in Google Scholar

Negri, A. (1999). Insurgencies: Constituent power and the modern state (Vol. 15). U of Minnesota Press. Search in Google Scholar

Nejjari, W., Gerritsen, M., Van der Haagen, M., & Korzilius, H. (2012). Responses to Dutch-accented English. World Englishes, 31(2), 248–267. Search in Google Scholar

Nelson, P. (2021). Where have all the anthros gone? The shift in California Indian Studies from research “on” to research “with, for, and by” Indigenous Peoples. American Anthropologist, 123(3), 469–473. Search in Google Scholar

Neuliep, J. W., & Speten-Hansen, K. M. (2013). The influence of ethnocentrism on social perceptions of nonnative accents. Language & Communication, 33(3), 167–176. Search in Google Scholar

Nye, A. (1987). The unity of language. Hypatia, 2(2), 95–111. Search in Google Scholar

Ogiermann, E. (2012). About Polish politeness. In Speech acts and politeness across languages and cultures (pp. 27–52). Peter Lang. Search in Google Scholar

Ognjenovic, G., & Jozelic, J. (Eds.). (2021). Nationalism and the politicization of history in the former Yugoslavia. Springer International Publishing. Search in Google Scholar

Onuch, O., & Hale, H. E. (2018). Capturing ethnicity: the case of Ukraine. Post-Soviet Affairs, 34(2–3), 84–106. Search in Google Scholar

Paaw, S. (2019). "One Land, One Nation, One Language: An Analysis of Indonesia's National Language Policy". University of Rochester Working Papers in the Language Sciences 5(1), 2–16. Search in Google Scholar

Parens, J. (1994). Multiculturalism and the problem of particularism. American Political Science Review, 169–181. Search in Google Scholar

Permanent Committee on Geographical Names [PCGN]. (2013, June 24). Moldovan: An identity but not a language. http://www.pcgn.org.uk/Moldovan.pdf Search in Google Scholar

Perry, R., Priest, N., Paradies, Y., Barlow, F. K., & Sibley, C. G. (2018). Barriers to multiculturalism: In-group favoritism and out-group hostility are independently associated with policy opposition. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 9(1), 89–98. Search in Google Scholar

Pine, A., & Turin, M. (2017). Language revitalization. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Search in Google Scholar

Piulats, M. C. (2007). Media policy and language policy in Catalonia. Multilingual Matters, 138, 168. Search in Google Scholar

Pool, J. (1991). The official language problem. The American Political Science Review (pp. 495–514). Search in Google Scholar

Poshka, A. (2018). Language and Hate Speech Aspects in the Public Sphere Case Study: Republic of Macedonia. Seeu Review, 13(1), 90–96. Search in Google Scholar

Puddington, A., Piano, A., Eiss, C., & Roylance, T. (2007). "Estonia". Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties. Freedom House. Rowman & Littlefield. Search in Google Scholar

Rausing, S. (2004). History, memory, and identity in post-Soviet Estonia: The end of a collective farm. Oxford Studies in Social and C. Search in Google Scholar

Romaine, S. (2007). The impact of language policy on endangered languages. Democracy and human rights in multicultural societies (pp. 217–236). Search in Google Scholar

Saint-Jacques, B. (1979). Language and ethnic relations. Oxford: Pergamon, 1, 13. Search in Google Scholar

Saulson, S. B. (2011). Institutionalized language planning. De Gruyter Mouton. Search in Google Scholar

Schweigkofler, A. (2000). South Tyrol: Rethinking Ethnolinguistic Vitality. German minorities in Europe (pp. 63–72). Search in Google Scholar

Scrutton, A., & Mardiste, D. (2017, February 24). Wary of divided loyalties, a Baltic state reaches out to its Russians. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-baltics-russia/wary-of-divided-loyalties-a-baltic-state-reaches-out-to-its-russians-idUSKBN1630W2 Search in Google Scholar

Sebastian, R. J., & Ryan, E. B. (2018). Speech cues and social evaluation: Markers of ethnicity, social class, and age. In Recent advances in language, communication, and social psychology (pp. 112–143). Routledge. Search in Google Scholar

Semelin, J. (2007). Purify and destroy: The political uses of massacre and genocide. Columbia University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Sijs, N. V. D. (2004). The role of purism in language development-historical and political aspects. The role of purism in language development-historical and political aspects. Search in Google Scholar

Singer, S. J. (2020, November 11). The Hebrew-Based Judaism and Zionism of Eliezer Ben Yehuda. jewishpress.com/sections/features/features-on-jewish-world/the-hebrew-based-judaism-and-zionism-of-eliezerben-yehuda/2020/11/11/ Search in Google Scholar

Skutnabb-Kangas, T., & Phillipson, R. (1996). Linguicide and linguicism. Kontaktlinguistik. Contact Linguistics. Linguistique de contact. Ein Internationales Handbuch zeitgenössiger Forschung. An International Handbook of Contemporary Research. Manuel international des recherches contemporaines, 1, 667–675. Search in Google Scholar

Skutnabb-Kangas, T., & Dunbar, R. (2010). Indigenous children's education as linguistic genocide and a crime against humanity? A global view (pp. 1–128). Gáldu. Search in Google Scholar

Sotirović, V. B. (2018, May 24). The idea of the Yugoslav unification. Oriental Review. https://orientalreview.org/2018/05/24/the-idea-of-the-yugoslav-unification-i/ Search in Google Scholar

Spolsky, B. (2004). Language policy. Cambridge University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Stanton, G. H. (1998). The eight stages of genocide. Genocide Watch. Search in Google Scholar

Tabouret-Keller, A. (2017). Language and identity. The handbook of sociolinguistics (pp. 315–326). Search in Google Scholar

Thomas, G. (1991). Linguistic purism. Longman Publishing Group. Search in Google Scholar

Tran, V. C. (2010). English gain vs. Spanish loss? Language assimilation among second-generation Latinos in young adulthood. Social forces, 89(1), 257–284. Search in Google Scholar

Tsunoda, T. (2006). Language endangerment and language revitalization: An introduction. De Gruyter MOUTON. Search in Google Scholar

Turner, J. C., & Oakes, P. J. (1986). The significance of the social identity concept for social psychology with reference to individualism, interactionism and social influence. British Journal of Social Psychology, 25(3), 237–252. Search in Google Scholar

US Department of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. (2017, November 27). Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016. https://www.state.gov/reports-bureau-of-democracy-human-rights-and-labor/country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/ Search in Google Scholar

Walters, H. (2011, October 27). In Karuk: A family struggles to bring its ancestral tongue back to life. North Coast Journal of Politics, People & Art. http://northcoastjournal.com/humboldt/inkaruk/Content?oid=2132629 Search in Google Scholar

West, J., & Evans, R. (2021). Measuring preservice teachers' ethnocentrism: A South African case study. Journal of Education (University of KwaZulu-Natal), 85, 163–187. Search in Google Scholar

Wierzbicka, A. (2013). Imprisoned in English: The hazards of English as a default language. Oxford University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Yagmur, K., & Ehala, M. (2011). Tradition and innovation in the Ethnolinguistic Vitality theory. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 32(2), 101–110. Search in Google Scholar

Zuckermann, G. A. (2012). Stop, revive and survive. The Australian Higher Education. Search in Google Scholar

Zuckermann, G. A. (2020). Revivalistics: From the genesis of Israeli to language reclamation in Australia and beyond. Oxford University Press. Search in Google Scholar

Zwisler, J. J. (2021). Linguistic genocide or linguicide? A discussion of terminology in forced language loss. Apples: Journal of Applied Language Studies, 15(2). Search in Google Scholar

Žižek, S. (2016). Language, violence and nonviolence. International Journal of Žižek Studies, 2(3). Search in Google Scholar

Данейко, O. (2016, February 21). Білоруська мова в Білорусі: державний статус чи декорація? Search in Google Scholar

Уставот на Република Македонија (2022). Уставот на Република Македонија. https://www.sobranie.mk/content/Odluki%20USTAV/UstavSRSM.pdf Search in Google Scholar