Effects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation with automated external defibrillator training among schoolchildren in Slovenia: A pre- and post-test cohort study

1Sasson C, Meischke H, Abella BS, Berg RA, Bobrow BJ, Chan PS, et al. Increasing cardiopulmonary resuscitation provision in communities with low bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates: a science advisory from the American Heart Association for Healthcare Providers, Policymakers, Public Health Departments, and Community Leaders. Circulation. 2013;127:1342–50. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e318288b4dd. Sasson C Meischke H Abella BS Berg RA Bobrow BJ Chan PS et al Increasing cardiopulmonary resuscitation provision in communities with low bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates: a science advisory from the American Heart Association for Healthcare Providers, Policymakers, Public Health Departments, and Community Leaders Circulation 20131271342 50 10.1161/CIR.0b013e318288b4ddOpen DOISearch in Google Scholar

2Gräsner JT, Lefering R, Koster RW, Masterson S, Böttiger BW, Herlitz J, et al. EuReCa ONE-27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry: A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe. Resuscitation. 2016;105:188–95. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.06.004. Gräsner JT Lefering R Koster RW Masterson S Böttiger BW Herlitz J et al EuReCa ONE-27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry: A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe Resuscitation 2016105188 95 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.06.004Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3Nolan JP, Soar J, Zideman DA, Biarent D, Bossaert LL, Deakin C, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 1. Executive summary. Resuscitation. 2010;81:1219–76. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.021. Nolan JP Soar J Zideman DA Biarent D Bossaert LL Deakin C et al European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 1 Executive summary. Resuscitation 2010811219 76 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.021Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4Becker LB, Berg RA, Pepe PE, Idris AH, Aufderheide TP, Barnes TA, et al. A reappraisal of mouth-to-mouth ventilation during bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation. A statement for healthcare professionals from the Ventilation Working Group of the Basic Life Support and Pediatric Life Support Subcommittees, American Heart Association. Circulation. 1997;96:2102–12. doi: 10.1161/01. cir.96.6.2102. Becker LB Berg RA Pepe PE Idris AH Aufderheide TP Barnes TA et al A reappraisal of mouth-to-mouth ventilation during bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation A statement for healthcare professionals from the Ventilation Working Group of the Basic Life Support and Pediatric Life Support Subcommittees, American Heart Association. Circulation 1997962102 12 10.1161/01.cir.96.6.2102Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5Chamberlain D, Smith A, Colquhoun M, Handley AJ, Kern KB, Woollard M. Randomised controlled trials of staged teaching for basic life support: 2. Comparison of CPR performance and skill retention using either staged instruction or conventional training. Resuscitation. 2001;50:27–37. doi: 10.1016/s0300-9572(01)00342-2. Chamberlain D Smith A Colquhoun M Handley AJ Kern KB Woollard M Randomised controlled trials of staged teaching for basic life support: 2 Comparison of CPR performance and skill retention using either staged instruction or conventional training. Resuscitation 20015027 37 10.1016/s0300-9572(01)00342-2Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

6Sondergaard KB, Wissenberg M, Gerds TA, Rajan S, Karlsson L, Kragholm K, et al. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and longterm outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest according to location of arrest. Eur Heart J. 2019;40:309–18. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy687. Sondergaard KB Wissenberg M Gerds TA Rajan S Karlsson L Kragholm K et al Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and longterm outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest according to location of arrest Eur Heart J 201940309 18 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy68730380021Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

7Malta Hansen C, Rosenkranz SM, Folke F, Zinckernagel L, Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T, Torp-Pedersen C, et al. Lay Bystanders’ Perspectives on What Facilitates Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Use of Automated External Defibrillators in Real Cardiac Arrests. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6:e004572. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.116.004572. Malta Hansen C Rosenkranz SM Folke F Zinckernagel L Tjørnhøj-Thomsen T Torp-Pedersen C et al Lay Bystanders’ Perspectives on What Facilitates Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Use of Automated External Defibrillators in Real Cardiac Arrests J Am Heart Assoc 20176e004572 10.1161/JAHA.116.004572552400328288975Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

8Böttiger BW, Van Aken H. Kids save lives-training school children in cardiopulmonary resuscitation worldwide is now endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Resuscitation. 2015;94:A5–A7; doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.005. Böttiger BW Van Aken H Kids save lives-training school children in cardiopulmonary resuscitation worldwide is now endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) Resuscitation 201594A5 A7 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.00526209417Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

9Jones I, Whitfield R, Colquhoun M, Chamberlain D, Vetter N, Newcombe R. At what age can schoolchildren provide effective chest compressions? An observational study from the Heartstart UK schools training programme. BMJ. 2007;334(7605):1201. doi: 10.1136/ bmj.39167.459028.DE. Jones I Whitfield R Colquhoun M Chamberlain D Vetter N Newcombe R At what age can schoolchildren provide effective chest compressions? An observational study from the Heartstart UK schools training programme BMJ 200733476051201 10.1136/bmj.39167.459028.DE188995517468118Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10Lind B, Stovner J. Mouth to mouth resuscitation in Norway. J Am Med Assoc. 1963;185:933–5. doi: 10.1001/jama.1963.03060120043019. Lind B Stovner J Mouth to mouth resuscitation in Norway J Am Med Assoc 1963185933 5 10.1001/jama.1963.0306012004301914044225Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

11Böttiger BW. “A Time to Act” – Anaesthesiologists in resuscitation help save 200,000 lives per year worldwide: school children, lay resuscitation, telephone - CPR, IOM and more. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015;32:825–7; doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000374. Böttiger BW “A Time to Act” – Anaesthesiologists in resuscitation help save 200,000 lives per year worldwide: school children, lay resuscitation, telephone - CPR, IOM and more Eur J Anaesthesiol 201532825 7 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000374Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12Semeraro F, Wingen S, Schroeder DC, Ecker H, Scapigliati A, Ristagno G, et al. Kids save lives-Three years of implementation in Europe. Resuscitation. 2018;131:e9–e11. doi: 10.1016/j. resuscitation.2018.08.008. Semeraro F Wingen S Schroeder DC Ecker H Scapigliati A Ristagno G et al Kids save lives-Three years of implementation in Europe Resuscitation 2018131e9 e11 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.08.008Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13Lester CA, Weston CFM, Donnelly PD, Assar D, Morgan MJ. The need for wider dissemination of CPR skills: are schools the answer? Resuscitation. 1994;28:233–7. doi: 10.1016/0300-9572(94)90069-8. Lester CA Weston CFM Donnelly PD Assar D Morgan MJ The need for wider dissemination of CPR skills: are schools the answer? Resuscitation 199428233 7 10.1016/0300-9572(94)90069-8Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

14Miró O, Jiménez-Fábrega X, Espigol G, Culla A, Escalada-Roig X, Díaz N, et al. Teaching basic life support to 12–16 year olds in Barcelona schools: views of head teachers. Resuscitation. 2006;70:107–16. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.11.015. Miró O Jiménez-Fábrega X Espigol G Culla A Escalada-Roig X Díaz N et al Teaching basic life support to 12–16 year olds in Barcelona schools: views of head teachers Resuscitation 200670107 16 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.11.01516759781Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

15Mpotos N, Vekeman E, Monsieurs K, Derese A, Valcke M. Knowledge and willingness to teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a survey amongst 4273 teachers. Resuscitation. 2013;84:496–500. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.01.023. Mpotos N Vekeman E Monsieurs K Derese A Valcke M Knowledge and willingness to teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a survey amongst 4273 teachers Resuscitation 201384496–500 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.01.02323376584Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16Šalda Z, Zidar N. Temeljni postopki oživljanja z uporabo AED kot del vzgoje za zdravje. Ljubljana: Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje; 2017. Accessed March 7th, 2020 at: http://www.nijz.si/sites/www.nijz.si/files/publikacije-datoteke/temeljni_postopki_ozivljanja.pdf Šalda Z Zidar N Temeljni postopki oživljanja z uporabo AED kot del vzgoje za zdravje. Ljubljana: Nacionalni inštitut za javno zdravje; 2017 Accessed March 7th, 2020 at http://www.nijz.si/sites/www.nijz.si/files/publikacije-datoteke/temeljni_postopki_ozivljanja.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

17Frederick K, Bixby E, Orzel MN, Stewart-Brown S, Willett K. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Injury Minimization Programme for Schools (IMPS). Inj Prev. 2000;6:92–5. doi: 10.1136/ip.6.2.92. Frederick K Bixby E Orzel MN Stewart-Brown S Willett K An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Injury Minimization Programme for Schools (IMPS) Inj Prev 2000692 5 10.1136/ip.6.2.92173060610875663Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

18Van de Velde S, Heselmans A, Roex A, Vandekerckhove P, Ramaekers D, Aertgeerts B. Effectiveness of nonresuscitative first aid training in laypersons: a systematic review. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54:447–57. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.11.005. Van de Velde S Heselmans A Roex A Vandekerckhove P Ramaekers D Aertgeerts B Effectiveness of nonresuscitative first aid training in laypersons: a systematic review Ann Emerg Med 200954447 57 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.11.00519157654Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

19Bohn A, Van Aken HK, Möllhoff T, Wienzek H, Kimmeyer P, Wild E, et al. Teaching resuscitation in schools: annual tuition by trained teachers is effective starting at age 10. A four-year prospective cohort study. Resuscitation. 2012;83:619–25. doi: 10.1016/j. resuscitation.2012.01.020. Bohn A Van Aken HK Möllhoff T Wienzek H Kimmeyer P Wild E et al Teaching resuscitation in schools: annual tuition by trained teachers is effective starting at age 10 A four-year prospective cohort study. Resuscitation 201283619 25 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.01.02022286049Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20Meissner TM, Kloppe C, Hanefeld C. Basic life support skills of high school students before and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation training: a longitudinal investigation. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2012;20:1–7. doi: 10.1186/1757-7241-20-31. Meissner TM Kloppe C Hanefeld C Basic life support skills of high school students before and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation training: a longitudinal investigation Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2012201 7 10.1186/1757-7241-20-31335316122502917Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21Petrić J, Malički M, Marković D, Meštrović J. Students’ and parents’ attitudes toward basic life support training in primary schools. Croat Med J. 2013;54:376–80. doi: 10.3325/cmj.2013.54.376. Petrić J Malički M Marković D Meštrović J Students’ and parents’ attitudes toward basic life support training in primary schools Croat Med J 201354376 80 10.3325/cmj.2013.54.376376066223986279Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22Calicchia S, Cangiano G, Capanna S, De Rosa M, Papaleo B. Teaching Life-Saving Manoeuvres in Primary School. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:2647235. doi: 10.1155/2016/2647235. Calicchia S Cangiano G Capanna S De Rosa M Papaleo B Teaching Life-Saving Manoeuvres in Primary School Biomed Res Int 201620162647235 10.1155/2016/2647235512444727957491Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23Urh I. Anketiranje kot tehnika zbiranja podatkov v zdravstveni negi: preizkušanje anketnega vprašalnika. Obzor Zdr N. 2003;37:219–24. Urh I Anketiranje kot tehnika zbiranja podatkov v zdravstveni negi: preizkušanje anketnega vprašalnika Obzor Zdr N 200337219 24Search in Google Scholar

24Cave DM, Aufderheide TP, Beeson J, Ellison A, Gregory A, Hazinski MF, et al. Importance and implementation of training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillation in schools: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011;123:691–706. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31820b5328. Cave DM Aufderheide TP Beeson J Ellison A Gregory A Hazinski MF et al Importance and implementation of training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillation in schools: a science advisory from the American Heart Association Circulation 2011123691 706 10.1161/CIR.0b013e31820b532821220728Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25Banfai B, Pek E, Pandur A, Csonka H, Betlehem J. ‘The year of first aid’: effectiveness of a 3-day first aid programme for 7-14-year-old primary schoolchildren. Emerg Med J. 2017;34:526–32. doi: 10.1136/ emermed-2016-206284. Banfai B Pek E Pandur A Csonka H Betlehem J ‘The year of first aid’: effectiveness of a 3-day first aid programme for 7-14-year-old primary schoolchildren Emerg Med J 201734526 32 10.1136/emermed-2016-206284553752728420689Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

26Lukas RP, Van Aken H, Mölhoff T, Weber T, Rammert M, Wild E, et al. Kids save lives: a six-year longitudinal study of schoolchildren learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation: who should do the teaching and will the effects last? Resuscitation. 2016;101:35–40. doi: 10.1016/j. resuscitation.2016.01.028. Lukas RP Van Aken H Mölhoff T Weber T Rammert M Wild E et al Kids save lives: a six-year longitudinal study of schoolchildren learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation: who should do the teaching and will the effects last? Resuscitation 201610135 40 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.01.02826868079Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

27Plant N, Taylor K. How best to teach CPR to schoolchildren: a systematic review. Resuscitation. 2013;84:415–-21. doi: 10.1016/j. resuscitation.2012.12.008. Plant N Taylor K How best to teach CPR to schoolchildren: a systematic review Resuscitation 201384415– 21 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.12.00823246989Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

28Berthelot S, Plourde M, Bertrand I, Bourassa A, Couture M.-.M, Berger-Pelletier E, et al. Push hard, push fast: quasi-experimental study on the capacity of elementary schoolchildren to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2013;21:41. doi: 10.1186/1757-7241-21-41. Berthelot S Plourde M Bertrand I Bourassa A Couture M.-.M Berger-Pelletier E et al Push hard, push fast: quasi-experimental study on the capacity of elementary schoolchildren to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 20132141 10.1186/1757-7241-21-41368020123694715Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

29Bollig G, Myklebust AG, Østringen K. Effects of first aid training in the kindergarten--a pilot study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2011;19:13. doi: 10.1186/1757-7241-19-13. Bollig G Myklebust AG Østringen K Effects of first aid training in the kindergarten--a pilot study Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 20111913 10.1186/1757-7241-19-13306013621356047Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

30Shahab N, Rashad S, Syed AH, Hanniyah B, Hafsa A, 2011. School children training or basic life support. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2011;21:611–5. doi: 10.2011/JCPSP.611615. Shahab N Rashad S Syed AH Hanniyah B Hafsa A 2011 School children training or basic life support J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 201121611 5 10.2011/JCPSP.61161522015122Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

31Altemeyer KH, Breckwoldt J, Dirks B, Goldschmidt P, Huth R, Kreimeier U, et al. Recommended curriculum to teach and train resuscitation to school children in Germany, 2012. GRC & BAGEH: Resuscitation training for school children. Accessed April 7th, 2020 at: https://www.grc-org.de/downloads/GRC-school_curriculum_ATEE_12-10_JB.pdf Altemeyer KH Breckwoldt J Dirks B Goldschmidt P Huth R Kreimeier U et al Recommended curriculum to teach and train resuscitation to school children in Germany 2012 GRC & BAGEH: Resuscitation training for school children. Accessed April 7th, 2020 at https://www.grc-org.de/downloads/GRC-school_curriculum_ATEE_12-10_JB.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

32Puc J, Obadić P, Erčulj V, Borovečki A, Grosek Š. A Cross-sectional Study Among Healthcare and Non-healthcare Students in Slovenia and Croatia About Do-not Resuscitate Decision-making. Zdr Varst. 2019;58:139–47. doi: 10.2478/sjph-2019-0018. Puc J Obadić P Erčulj V Borovečki A Grosek Š A Cross-sectional Study Among Healthcare and Non-healthcare Students in Slovenia and Croatia About Do-not Resuscitate Decision-making Zdr Varst 201958139 47 10.2478/sjph-2019-0018659838831275441Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

33Finke SR, Schroeder DC, Ecker H, Wingen S, Hinkelbein J, Wetsch WA, et al. Gender aspects in cardiopulmonary resuscitation by schoolchildren: A systematic review. Resuscitation. 2018;125:70–8. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.01.025. Finke SR Schroeder DC Ecker H Wingen S Hinkelbein J Wetsch WA et al Gender aspects in cardiopulmonary resuscitation by schoolchildren: A systematic review Resuscitation 201812570 8 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.01.02529408490Open DOISearch in Google Scholar