Sex, female, n (%) |
13 (56.5) |
8 (47.1) |
Χ2=0.4 |
0.554 |
Age at the time of interview, years, mean ± SD |
16.3 ± 1.4 |
16.2 ± 1.0 |
t=0.1 |
0.948 |
Socioeconomic status, n (%) |
|
|
Χ2=1.8 |
0.413 |
High |
2 (8.7) |
1 (5.9) |
|
|
Average |
16 (69.6) |
9 (52.9) |
|
|
Low |
5 (21.7) |
7 (41.2) |
|
|
Family history of psychiatric disorders, n (%) |
First-degree relative with a psychiatric disorder |
11 (47.8) |
- |
- |
- |
A second-degree relative with a psychiatric disorder |
13 (56.5) |
- |
- |
- |
First or second-degree relative with a psychiatric disorder |
18 (78.3) |
- |
- |
- |
Illness characteristics |
Age at onset, years, mean ± SD |
14.3 ± 2.1 |
- |
- |
- |
Duration of BD, years, mean ± SD |
2.3 ± 1.4 |
- |
- |
- |
Duration of medication treatment, years, mean ± SD |
2.0 ± 1.3 |
- |
- |
- |
The number of mood episodes, mean ± SD |
3.3 ± 2.0 |
- |
- |
- |
Total YMRS score, mean ± SD a |
3.2 ± 1.9 |
- |
- |
- |
Total HAM-D score, mean ± SD a |
2.5 ± 1.5 |
- |
- |
- |
Medications, n (%) |
Antipsychotics |
18 (78.3) |
- |
- |
- |
Aripiprazole |
7 (30.4) |
- |
- |
- |
Risperidone |
6 (26.1) |
- |
- |
- |
Quetiapine |
4 (17.4) |
- |
- |
- |
Olanzapine |
1 (4.3) |
- |
- |
- |
Mood stabilizers |
20 (87.0) |
- |
- |
- |
Lithium |
8 (34.8) |
- |
- |
- |
Valproate |
11 (47.8) |
- |
- |
- |
Carbamazepine |
2 (8.7) |
- |
- |
- |
Lamotrigine |
2 (8.7) |
- |
- |
- |
Blood medication levels, mmol/L |
Lithium, mean ± SD |
0.78 ± 0.27 |
- |
- |
- |
Valproate, mean ± SD |
78.6 ± 17.4 |
- |
- |
- |
Blood neurotrophic factor levels |
BDNF, pg/ml, median (IQR) |
1353 (1021-2797) |
2227 (1205-3369) |
Z=1.4 b |
0.171 |