Baylisascaris sp. infection in a pet kinkajou Potos flavus

[1] Anderson, R. C. (2000): Nematode parasites of vertebrates: Their development and transmission, 2nd ed. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 650 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994215.000010.1079/9780851994215.0000Search in Google Scholar

[2] Bauer, C. (2011): Baylisascariosis (Baylisascaris procyonis) — a rare parasitic zoonosis in Europe. Berl. Munch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr., 124: 465–472 (In German) Search in Google Scholar

[3] Bauer, C. (2013): Baylisascariosis — Infections of animals and humans with’ unusual’ roundworms. Vet. Parasitol., 193: 404–412. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.036 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.03610.1016/j.vetpar.2012.12.036Search in Google Scholar

[4] Berry, J. F. (1985): Phylogenetic relationship between Baylisascaris spp. Sprent, 1968 (Nematoda: Ascarididae) from skunks, raccoons and groundhogs in southern Ontario. M. S Thesis. University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 99 pp. Search in Google Scholar

[5] Blouin, M. S. (2002): Molecular prospecting for cryptic species of nematodes: mitochondrial DNA versus internal transcribed spacer. Int. J. Parasitol., 32: 527–531 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00357-510.1016/S0020-7519(01)00357-5Search in Google Scholar

[6] Dangoudoubiyam, S., Vemulapalli, R., Ndao, M., Kazacos, K. R. (2011): Recombinant antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of Baylisascaris procyonis larva migrans. Clin. Vaccine Immunol., 18: 1650–1655. DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00083-11 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00083-1110.1128/CVI.00083-11Search in Google Scholar

[7] Derycke, S., De Ley, P., De Ley, I. T., Holovachov, O., Rigaux, A., Moens, T. (2010): Linking DNA sequences to morphology: cryptic diversity and population genetic structure in the marine nematode Thoracostoma trachygaster (Nematoda, Leptosomatidae). Zool. Scr., 39: 276–289. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2009.00420.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2009.00420.x10.1111/j.1463-6409.2009.00420.xSearch in Google Scholar

[8] Despres, L., Imbert-Establet, D., Combes, C., Bonhomme, F. (1992): Molecular evidence linking hominid evolution to recent radiation of schistosomes (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 1: 295–304 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1055-7903(92)90005-210.1016/1055-7903(92)90005-2Search in Google Scholar

[9] Ellis, R. E., Sulston, J. E., Coulson, A. R. (1986): The rDNA of C. elegans: sequence and structure. Nucleic Acids Res., 14: 2345–2364 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/14.5.234510.1093/nar/14.5.23453396623960722Search in Google Scholar

[10] Franssen, F., Xie, K., Sprong, H., Van Der Giessen, J. (2013): Molecular analysis of Baylisascaris columnaris revealed mitochondrial and nuclear polymorphisms. Parasit. Vectors, 6: 124. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-124 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-12410.1186/1756-3305-6-124364386423627901Search in Google Scholar

[11] Gavin, P. J., Kazacos, K. R., Shulman, S. T. (2005): Baylisascariasis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18: 703–718 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.18.4.703-718.200510.1128/CMR.18.4.703-718.2005126591316223954Search in Google Scholar

[12] Kazacos, K. R., Kilbane, T. P., Zimmerman, K. D., Chavez-Lindell, T., Parman, B., Carpenter, L. R., Green, A. L., Mann, P. M., Murphy, T. W., Bertucci, B., Gray, A. C., Goldsmith, T. L., Cunningham, M., Stanek, D. R., Blackmore, C., Yabsley, M. J., Montgomery, S. P., Bosserman, E. (2011): Raccoon roundworms in pet kinkajous—three states, 1999 and 2010. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 60: 302–305 Search in Google Scholar

[13] Kazacos, K. R. (2001): Baylisascaris procyonis and related species. In: Samuel, W. M., Pybus, M. J., Kocan, A. A. (Eds) Parasitic diseases of wild animals., 2nd ed. Iowa State University Press, London, pp. 301–341 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470377000.ch1110.1002/9780470377000.ch11Search in Google Scholar

[14] Miyashita, M. (1993): Prevalence of Baylisascaris procyonis in raccoons in Japan and experimental infections of the worm to laboratory animals. J. Urban Living Health Assoc., 37: 137–151 (In Japanese) Search in Google Scholar

[15] Lin, Q., Li, H. M., Gao, M., Wang, X. Y., Ren, W. X., Cong, M. M., Tan, X. C., Chen, C. X., Yu, S. K., Zhao, G. H. (2012): Characterization of Baylisascaris schroederi from Qinling subspecies of giant panda in China by the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Parasitol. Res., 110: 1297–1303 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2618-710.1007/s00436-011-2618-7Search in Google Scholar

[16] Nadler, S. A., Hudspeth, D. S. (2000): Phylogeny of the Ascaridoidea (Nematoda: Ascaridida) based on three genes and morphology: hypotheses of structural and sequence evolution. J. Parasitol., 86: 380–393 Search in Google Scholar

[17] Overstreet, B. M. (1970): Baylisascaris procyonis (Stefanski and Zarnowski, 1951) from the kinkajou, Potos flavus, in Colombia. Proc. Helminthol. Soc., 32: 192–195 Search in Google Scholar

[18] Pawar, R. M., Lakshmikantan, U., Hasan, S., Poornachandar, A., Shivaji, S. (2012): Detection and molecular characterization of ascarid nematode infection (Toxascaris leonina and Toxocara cati) in captive Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica). Acta Parasitol., 57: 67–73. DOI: 10.2478/s11686-012-0012-y http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11686-012-0012-y10.2478/s11686-012-0012-ySearch in Google Scholar

[19] Platas, G., Acero, J., Borkowski, J. A., González, V., Portal, M. A., Rubio, V., Sánchez-Ballesteros, J., Salazar, O., Peláez, F. (2001): Presence of a simple tandem repeat in the ITS1 region of the Xylariales. Curr. Microbiol., 43: 43–50 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284001025810.1007/s002840010258Search in Google Scholar

[20] Qu, L. H., Nicoloso, M., Bachellerie, J. P. (1988): Phylogenetic calibration of the 5′ terminal domain of large rRNA achieved by determining twenty eucaryotic sequences. J. Mol. Evol., 28: 113–124 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF0214350210.1007/BF02143502Search in Google Scholar

[21] Roepstorff, A., Nansen, P. (1998): The epidemiology, diagnosis and control of helminth parasites of swine. FAO Animal Health Manual No. 3, FAO, Rome, Italy. Search in Google Scholar

[22] Sato, H., Furuoka, H., Kamiya, H. (2001): First outbreak of Baylisascaris procyonis larva migrans in rabbits in Japan. Parasitol. Int., 51: 105–108 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5769(01)00101-510.1016/S1383-5769(01)00101-5Search in Google Scholar

[23] Sheppard, C. H., Kazacos, K. R. (1997): Susceptibility of Peromyscus leucopus and Mus musculus to infection with Baylisascaris procyonis. J. Parasitol., 83: 1104–1111 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/328437010.2307/3284370Search in Google Scholar

[24] Šnábel, V., Taira, K., Cavallero, S., D’Amelio, S., Rudohradská, P., Saitoh, Y. (2012): Genetic structure of Ascaris roundworm in Japan and patterns of its geographical variation. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 65: 179–183 Search in Google Scholar

[25] Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. (2011): MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods. Mol. Biol. Evol., 28: 2731–2739. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msr121 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr12110.1093/molbev/msr121320362621546353Search in Google Scholar

[26] Testini, G., Papini, R., Lia, R. P., Parisi, A., Dantastorres, F., Traversa, D., Otranto, D. (2011): New insights into the morphology, molecular characterization and identification of Baylisascaris transfuga (Ascaridida, Ascarididae). Vet. Parasitol., 175: 97–102. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.09.017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.09.01710.1016/j.vetpar.2010.09.01720947254Search in Google Scholar

[27] Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G., Gibson, T. J. (1994): Clustal W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res., 22: 4673–4680 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.467310.1093/nar/22.22.46733085177984417Search in Google Scholar

[28] Vilas, R., Criscione, C. D., Blouin, M. S. (2005): A comparison between mitochondrial DNA and the ribosomal internal transcribed regions in prospecting for cryptic species of platyhelminth parasites. Parasitology, 131: 839–846 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S003118200500843710.1017/S003118200500843716336737Search in Google Scholar

[29] Zhu, X. Q., Gasser, R. B., Chilton, N. B., Jacobs, D. E. (2001): Molecular approaches for studying ascaridoid nematodes with zoonotic potential, with an emphasis on Toxocara species. J. Helminthol., 101 - 108 Search in Google Scholar