<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>In this paper, phosphate rock has been utilized beyond its traditional role as a raw material for fertilizer production to a new potential role as a heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production. The rock was thermally modified through calcination at 900 °C for 8 hrs. One factor at a time experimental design was used to vary the operating conditions of time (30–150 min), temperature (40 °C–80 °C,) catalyst concentration (1–5 wt%), and methanol to oil ratio (10–50 wt%). It was established that the optimum production conditions for maximum biodiesel yield of 93 % using this novel catalyst was achieved at reaction time 90 min, reaction temperature 60 °C, catalyst concentration 3wt% and methanol to oil weight ratio of 30 wt%. The synthesized biodiesel was compared with the raw waste oil using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the efficiency of conversion from this catalyst. The catalyst modification after calcination was also analysed using this spectroscopic technique to confirm any changes in the functional groups. Biodiesel’s chemical and physical properties were measured based on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) international standards for biodiesel.</p>
</abstract>

In this paper, phosphate rock has been utilized beyond its traditional role as a raw material for fertilizer production to a new potential role as a heterogeneous base catalyst for biodiesel production. The rock was thermally modified through calcination at 900 °C for 8 hrs. One factor at a time experimental design was used to vary the operating conditions of time (30–150 min), temperature (40 °C–80 °C,) catalyst concentration (1–5 wt%), and methanol to oil ratio (10–50 wt%). It was established that the optimum production conditions for maximum biodiesel yield of 93 % using this novel catalyst was achieved at reaction time 90 min, reaction temperature 60 °C, catalyst concentration 3wt% and methanol to oil weight ratio of 30 wt%. The synthesized biodiesel was compared with the raw waste oil using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the efficiency of conversion from this catalyst. The catalyst modification after calcination was also analysed using this spectroscopic technique to confirm any changes in the functional groups. Biodiesel’s chemical and physical properties were measured based on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) international standards for biodiesel.

Biodiesel Production Using Calcined Phosphate Rock as a Precursor of Calcium Oxide Heterogeneous Catalyst

Clean Technology and Applied Materials Research Group, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering

Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

Environmental and Climate Technologies

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

In this paper, phosphate rock has been utilized beyond its traditional role as a raw material for fertilizer production to a new potential role as a...

Biodiesel Production Using Calcined Phosphate Rock as a Precursor of Calcium Oxide Heterogeneous Catalyst

Published Online: Nov 05, 2022

Page range: 968 - 981

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0073

Keywords
Biodiesel, calcination, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, heterogeneous catalyst

© 2022 Janet Kiprono et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Biodiesel Production Using Calcined Phosphate Rock as a Precursor of Calcium Oxide Heterogeneous Catalyst

Published Online: Nov 05, 2022

Page range: 968 - 981

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0073

KeywordsBiodiesel, calcination, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, heterogeneous catalyst

© 2022 Janet Kiprono et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
Biodiesel, calcination, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, heterogeneous catalyst