The Impact of the Future Fluctuating Energy Consumption on a District Heating System: Case Study of Omsk and Krasnoyarsk Cities

Temperature difference between supply and return distribution medium (water) is a vital factor when assessing the efficiency of a district heating (DH) substation. An accounting for fluctuations and differences of the heat consumption/generation is the key problem in planning DH system operation. The influence of the fluctuating energy consumption on a DH system was studied with actual data, using the DH systems of the Russian cities Krasnoyarsk and Omsk as a case study. Information is visualized in the form of graphs and charts, orderly and clearly comparing certain points. The data includes supply and return temperatures, and heat demand. Clearly visible state of high return temperatures induces more bottleneck problems as the flow increases. At the same time, in 2019, the total heat demand was 21 008 MW. This is more than 5 % than in 2020, assuming 100 % of consumers connected. The reasons for this trend are: decreasing total housing area, no incentive for the buildings in newly built-up areas to be connected to the DH system, poor service motivating business facilities to disconnect from the system. When the primary energy consumption related to the warmer climate and behaviour of business sector decreases, the DH system requires renovation. It is possible to reduce network return temperature during some months of the year. The reason is that, a high temperature difference is essential to maintain high efficiency and minimize fuel and pumping cost, it also enables more customers to be connected to a DH system without increasing pipe dimensions of a network.