Evaluating the Effect of Different Base Temperatures to Calculate Degree-Days

Degree-days are used as a forecasting tool to predict energy demand and for normalizing energy consumption to be able to compare between different properties across different years. The base temperature is the main aspect to accurately calculate degree-days. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different base temperatures and their impact on the correlation between energy consumption and degree-days. The base temperature was selected as the standard 15 °C for the region, the balance temperature calculated with dynamic building simulations and the thermostat temperature setting as collected by questionnaires. The methodology followed is based on the analysis of 20 properties located in the cities of Bilbao, San Sebastian and Vitoria in northern Spain. The properties are a combination of flats and houses, from different construction periods, tenancies, occupancy and sizes. This study had highlighted the effect and impact of selecting different base temperatures for the calculation of degree-days and the correlation between energy consumption and degree-days. While the use of the balance temperature as base temperature could generate very good correlation, they were not so dissimilar from using the standard 15 °C base temperature to justify the amount of extra work required to generate the balance temperature. The use of the thermostat setting as an indication of the base temperature was not as reliable as the other base temperature methods in generating a good correlation to explain the energy consumption on the 20 properties investigated in this study.