<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec><h3>Background</h3>
<p>Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate. The pathophysiology involves various complex processes. The systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) is a well-known biomarker that reflects the intricate balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune components. In this systematic review, we aim to determine the significance of SII as a potential biomarker for APE.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Method</h3>
<p>We utilized PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOHost, and Google Scholar to search for articles. We assessed bias risk using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). The outcomes we examined included in-hospital and long-term mortality, the severity of APE, and the sensitivity and specificity of the SII in predicting APE.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Results:</h3> <p>Four studies, involving 2,038 patients, were included for analysis. These studies discuss the use of SII in predicting APE severity, APE mortality, high-risk APE, and the occurrence of APE. SII demonstrates significant results in predicting each of these variables. Furthermore, each study establishes different SII cut-off values. Specifically, a cut-off of 1161 predicts massive APE events with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 90%. A cut-off of >1235.35 differentiates high-risk APE with a sensitivity of 87.32% and a specificity of 68.85%. A cut-off of >1111x10<sup>9</sup> predicts overall mortality with a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 51%. Finally, a cut-off at 1839.91 predicts APE events with a sensitivity of 75.8% and a specificity of 61.9%.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>The SII can be employed as a potential new biomarker to predict outcomes in APE patients, particularly the occurrence, severity, and mortality of APE.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Background
Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate. The pathophysiology involves various complex processes. The systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) is a well-known biomarker that reflects the intricate balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune components. In this systematic review, we aim to determine the significance of SII as a potential biomarker for APE.

Method
We utilized PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOHost, and Google Scholar to search for articles. We assessed bias risk using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). The outcomes we examined included in-hospital and long-term mortality, the severity of APE, and the sensitivity and specificity of the SII in predicting APE.


Results: Four studies, involving 2,038 patients, were included for analysis. These studies discuss the use of SII in predicting APE severity, APE mortality, high-risk APE, and the occurrence of APE. SII demonstrates significant results in predicting each of these variables. Furthermore, each study establishes different SII cut-off values. Specifically, a cut-off of 1161 predicts massive APE events with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 90%. A cut-off of >1235.35 differentiates high-risk APE with a sensitivity of 87.32% and a specificity of 68.85%. A cut-off of >1111x109 predicts overall mortality with a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 51%. Finally, a cut-off at 1839.91 predicts APE events with a sensitivity of 75.8% and a specificity of 61.9%.

Conclusion
The SII can be employed as a potential new biomarker to predict outcomes in APE patients, particularly the occurrence, severity, and mortality of APE.

Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review

Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia

Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine

Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine

Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Background
Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate. The pathophysiology involves various complex processes....

Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review

Published Online: Apr 09, 2024

Page range: -

Received: Nov 29, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rjim-2024-0016

Keywords
Immune Marker, Inflammation, Prognosis, Pulmonary Embolism, Vascular Diseases

© 2024 Andrew Suwadi et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review

Published Online: Apr 09, 2024

Page range: -

Received: Nov 29, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rjim-2024-0016

KeywordsImmune Marker, Inflammation, Prognosis, Pulmonary Embolism, Vascular Diseases

© 2024 Andrew Suwadi et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
Immune Marker, Inflammation, Prognosis, Pulmonary Embolism, Vascular Diseases