<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
Background: Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) can be described as an accelerated increase in the growth rate of tumors combined with rapid clinical deterioration observed in a subset of cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy, specifically with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The reported incidence of HPD ranges from 5.9% to 43.1% in patients receiving ICIs. In this context, identifying reliable predictive risk factors for HPD is crucial as it may allow for earlier intervention and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed ten metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients. The identification of HPD was based on the diagnostic criteria proposed by Ferrara R <italic>et al.</italic> This study aimed to investigate whether there is an association between LN size and HPD using a cutoff value of 3 cm for LN size. Given the limited sample size, Fisher's exact test was used to test this association. We conducted a Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis to estimate the median overall survival (OS) of patients with HPD and compared it to those without HPD.
Results: Three patients (30%) developed HPD, while seven (70%) did not. Fisher's exact test revealed a statistically significant association between the HPD and LN size ≥ 3 cm (p=0.008). In the HPD group, the median OS was significantly shorter, with a median OS of 3 months, whereas in the non-HPD group, the median OS was not reached (P =0.001).
Conclusion: The present study found a significant association between LN size ≥ 3 cm in the pretreatment period and HPD development.
</abstract>

Background: Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) can be described as an accelerated increase in the growth rate of tumors combined with rapid clinical deterioration observed in a subset of cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy, specifically with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The reported incidence of HPD ranges from 5.9% to 43.1% in patients receiving ICIs. In this context, identifying reliable predictive risk factors for HPD is crucial as it may allow for earlier intervention and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed ten metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients. The identification of HPD was based on the diagnostic criteria proposed by Ferrara R et al. This study aimed to investigate whether there is an association between LN size and HPD using a cutoff value of 3 cm for LN size. Given the limited sample size, Fisher's exact test was used to test this association. We conducted a Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis to estimate the median overall survival (OS) of patients with HPD and compared it to those without HPD.
Results: Three patients (30%) developed HPD, while seven (70%) did not. Fisher's exact test revealed a statistically significant association between the HPD and LN size ≥ 3 cm (p=0.008). In the HPD group, the median OS was significantly shorter, with a median OS of 3 months, whereas in the non-HPD group, the median OS was not reached (P =0.001).
Conclusion: The present study found a significant association between LN size ≥ 3 cm in the pretreatment period and HPD development.

Is there an association between lymph node size and hyperprogression in immunotherapy-treated patients?

Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Background: Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) can be described as an accelerated increase in the growth rate of tumors combined with rapid clinical deterioration...

Is there an association between lymph node size and hyperprogression in immunotherapy-treated patients?

Published Online: Mar 23, 2024

Page range: 33 - 43

Received: Jul 22, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rjim-2023-0025

Keywords
Hyperprogressive Disease, Immunotherapy, Lymph Nodes, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Risk Factors

© 2024 Mohammad S. Alkader et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Is there an association between lymph node size and hyperprogression in immunotherapy-treated patients?

Published Online: Mar 23, 2024

Page range: 33 - 43

Received: Jul 22, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rjim-2023-0025

KeywordsHyperprogressive Disease, Immunotherapy, Lymph Nodes, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Risk Factors

© 2024 Mohammad S. Alkader et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
Hyperprogressive Disease, Immunotherapy, Lymph Nodes, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Risk Factors