<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec><h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still a global health problem nowadays. A particular COVID-19 patients develop severe symptoms. Some biomarkers can be used to determine disease severity and improve outcome. Homocysteine is one of the novel biomarkers. The objective of this study is to determine the role of serum homocysteine level in stratifying severity of COVID-19.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Methods</h3>
<p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in Medan, Indonesia from May to December 2021. Subjects were obtained using consecutive sampling method. Inclusion criteria was COVID-19 patients aged 18 years or older and willing to participate in the study. Patients with malignancy, chronic kidney disease, thyroid disease, coronary heart disease, and who consume several medications including cholestyramine, metformin, methotrexate, fibrate, and contraceptive pill, were excluded. Data regarding demographic, laboratory, and biomarker were gathered from each subject. Statistical analyses were conducted at 95% confidence interval.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Results</h3>
<p>A total of 100 patients were enrolled. Most subjects were males (59%) and from Batak ethnicity (64%). Twenty percent subjects had severe COVID-19. The levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), D dimer, homocysteine, and procalcitonin were significantly higher in severe COVID-19 subjects. D dimer had the highest sensitivity (91.7%) and specificity (94.7%) in stratifying severe COVID-19, followed by hs-CRP (91.7% and 85.5%, respectively), homocysteine (87.5% and 78.9%, respectively), and procalcitonin (58.3% and 74.0%, respectively).</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>Homocysteine can be used as a biomarker to determine COVID-19 severity.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still a global health problem nowadays. A particular COVID-19 patients develop severe symptoms. Some biomarkers can be used to determine disease severity and improve outcome. Homocysteine is one of the novel biomarkers. The objective of this study is to determine the role of serum homocysteine level in stratifying severity of COVID-19.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Medan, Indonesia from May to December 2021. Subjects were obtained using consecutive sampling method. Inclusion criteria was COVID-19 patients aged 18 years or older and willing to participate in the study. Patients with malignancy, chronic kidney disease, thyroid disease, coronary heart disease, and who consume several medications including cholestyramine, metformin, methotrexate, fibrate, and contraceptive pill, were excluded. Data regarding demographic, laboratory, and biomarker were gathered from each subject. Statistical analyses were conducted at 95% confidence interval.

Results
A total of 100 patients were enrolled. Most subjects were males (59%) and from Batak ethnicity (64%). Twenty percent subjects had severe COVID-19. The levels of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), D dimer, homocysteine, and procalcitonin were significantly higher in severe COVID-19 subjects. D dimer had the highest sensitivity (91.7%) and specificity (94.7%) in stratifying severe COVID-19, followed by hs-CRP (91.7% and 85.5%, respectively), homocysteine (87.5% and 78.9%, respectively), and procalcitonin (58.3% and 74.0%, respectively).

Conclusion
Homocysteine can be used as a biomarker to determine COVID-19 severity.

Serum homocysteine level and severity of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)

Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine

Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine

Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

{"article-title":"Serum homocysteine level and severity of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)"}

Introduction
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is still a global health problem nowadays. A particular COVID-19 patients develop severe symptoms. Some...

Serum homocysteine level and severity of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)

Published Online: May 08, 2023

Page range: 106 - 111

Received: Nov 02, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rjim-2023-0002

Keywords
biomarker, coronavirus, COVID-19, homocysteine, severity

© 2023 Jelita Siregar et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Serum homocysteine level and severity of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)

Published Online: May 08, 2023

Page range: 106 - 111

Received: Nov 02, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rjim-2023-0002

Keywordsbiomarker, coronavirus, COVID-19, homocysteine, severity

© 2023 Jelita Siregar et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
biomarker, coronavirus, COVID-19, homocysteine, severity