<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<bold>Background:</bold> The incidence of liver cancer is increased worldwide with 75%–85% diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current practice has low sensitivity limitations to diagnose the early stages of HCC, thus urging the need for a biomarker with higher sensitivity to detect HCC, specifically in the early stage. This study aimed to determine the association between midkine levels and progressiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), according to tumor size, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC), and presence of portal venous thrombosis.
<bold>Methods:</bold> This cross-sectional study involved 100 patients in Adam Malik General Hospital diagnosed with HCC, collected with a consecutive sampling method, whose diagnoses were confirmed by findings of hypervascular on arterial phase imaging and portal vein or delayed phase washout triple-phase CT Scan. Samples are later categorized according to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages, tumor size, and presence of portal venous thrombosis. Blood samples were drawn to measure serum midkine using ELISA. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to determine the difference of midkine levels based on tumor size, BCLC staging, and presence of portal venous thrombosis.
<bold>Results:</bold> Serum midkine level shows a significant difference over tumor size (p=0.014), no significant difference found compared to BCLC stages and presence of portal venous thrombosis.
<bold>Conclusion:</bold> Serum midkine levels are associated with the tumor size of HCC, thus helping physicians determine treatment plans.
</abstract>

Background: The incidence of liver cancer is increased worldwide with 75%–85% diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current practice has low sensitivity limitations to diagnose the early stages of HCC, thus urging the need for a biomarker with higher sensitivity to detect HCC, specifically in the early stage. This study aimed to determine the association between midkine levels and progressiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), according to tumor size, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC), and presence of portal venous thrombosis.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 100 patients in Adam Malik General Hospital diagnosed with HCC, collected with a consecutive sampling method, whose diagnoses were confirmed by findings of hypervascular on arterial phase imaging and portal vein or delayed phase washout triple-phase CT Scan. Samples are later categorized according to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages, tumor size, and presence of portal venous thrombosis. Blood samples were drawn to measure serum midkine using ELISA. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to determine the difference of midkine levels based on tumor size, BCLC staging, and presence of portal venous thrombosis.
Results: Serum midkine level shows a significant difference over tumor size (p=0.014), no significant difference found compared to BCLC stages and presence of portal venous thrombosis.
Conclusion: Serum midkine levels are associated with the tumor size of HCC, thus helping physicians determine treatment plans.

Association between serum midkine levels and tumor size in Indonesian hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a cross-sectional study

Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine

Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine

Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Background: The incidence of liver cancer is increased worldwide with 75%–85% diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current practice has low sensitivity...

Association between serum midkine levels and tumor size in Indonesian hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a cross-sectional study

Published Online: Nov 23, 2022

Page range: 229 - 234

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rjim-2022-0014

Keywords
midkine, liver neoplasms, hepatocellular carcinoma, biomarker, cytokine

© 2022 Darmadi Darmadi et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Association between serum midkine levels and tumor size in Indonesian hepatocellular carcinoma patients: a cross-sectional study

Published Online: Nov 23, 2022

Page range: 229 - 234

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/rjim-2022-0014

Keywordsmidkine, liver neoplasms, hepatocellular carcinoma, biomarker, cytokine

© 2022 Darmadi Darmadi et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
midkine, liver neoplasms, hepatocellular carcinoma, biomarker, cytokine