<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec><h3>Background</h3>
<p>Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a treatment involving the administration of chemotherapeutics drugs followed by the application of 8 square monopolar pulses of 100 μs duration at a repetition frequency of 1 Hz or 5000 Hz. However, there is increasing interest in using alternative types of pulses for ECT. The use of high-frequency short bipolar pulses has been shown to mitigate pain and muscle contractions. Conversely, the use of millisecond pulses is interesting when combining ECT with gene electrotransfer for the uptake of DNA-encoding proteins that stimulate the immune response with the aim of converting ECT from a local to systemic treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how alternative types of pulses affect the efficiency of the ECT.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Materials and methods</h3>
<p>We performed <italic>in vitro</italic> experiments, exposing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to conventional ECT pulses, high-frequency bipolar pulses, and millisecond pulses in the presence of different concentrations of cisplatin. We determined cisplatin uptake by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and cisplatin cytotoxicity by the clonogenic assay.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Results</h3>
<p>We observed that the three tested types of pulses potentiate the uptake and cytotoxicity of cisplatin in an equivalent manner, provided that the electric field is properly adjusted for each pulse type. Furthermore, we quantified that the number of cisplatin molecules, resulting in the eradication of most cells, was 2−7 × 10<sup>7</sup> per cell.</p>
</sec>
<sec><h3>Conclusions</h3>
<p>High-frequency bipolar pulses and millisecond pulses can potentially be used in ECT to reduce pain and muscle contraction and increase the effect of the immune response in combination with gene electrotransfer, respectively.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Background
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a treatment involving the administration of chemotherapeutics drugs followed by the application of 8 square monopolar pulses of 100 μs duration at a repetition frequency of 1 Hz or 5000 Hz. However, there is increasing interest in using alternative types of pulses for ECT. The use of high-frequency short bipolar pulses has been shown to mitigate pain and muscle contractions. Conversely, the use of millisecond pulses is interesting when combining ECT with gene electrotransfer for the uptake of DNA-encoding proteins that stimulate the immune response with the aim of converting ECT from a local to systemic treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how alternative types of pulses affect the efficiency of the ECT.

Materials and methods
We performed in vitro experiments, exposing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to conventional ECT pulses, high-frequency bipolar pulses, and millisecond pulses in the presence of different concentrations of cisplatin. We determined cisplatin uptake by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and cisplatin cytotoxicity by the clonogenic assay.

Results
We observed that the three tested types of pulses potentiate the uptake and cytotoxicity of cisplatin in an equivalent manner, provided that the electric field is properly adjusted for each pulse type. Furthermore, we quantified that the number of cisplatin molecules, resulting in the eradication of most cells, was 2−7 × 107 per cell.

Conclusions
High-frequency bipolar pulses and millisecond pulses can potentially be used in ECT to reduce pain and muscle contraction and increase the effect of the immune response in combination with gene electrotransfer, respectively.

The equivalence of different types of electric pulses for electrochemotherapy with cisplatin − an <italic>in vitro</italic> study

Radiology and Oncology

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The equivalence of different types of electric pulses for electrochemotherapy with cisplatin − an  study

Background
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a treatment involving the administration of chemotherapeutics drugs followed by the application of 8 square monopolar...

The equivalence of different types of electric pulses for electrochemotherapy with cisplatin − an in vitro study

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: Feb 21, 2024

Page range: 51 - 66

Received: Nov 20, 2023

Accepted: Dec 05, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2024-0005

Keywords
electrochemotherapy, electroporation, cisplatin uptake, phenomenological model, equivalent pulse parameters

© 2024 Maria Scuderi et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The equivalence of different types of electric pulses for electrochemotherapy with cisplatin − an in vitro study

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: Feb 21, 2024

Page range: 51 - 66

Received: Nov 20, 2023

Accepted: Dec 05, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2024-0005

Keywordselectrochemotherapy, electroporation, cisplatin uptake, phenomenological model, equivalent pulse parameters

© 2024 Maria Scuderi et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
electrochemotherapy, electroporation, cisplatin uptake, phenomenological model, equivalent pulse parameters