<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec id="j_raon-2020-0042_s_005_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1aab1c17b1Aa"><h3>Background</h3><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the paradigm of cancer treatment; however, non-invasive biomarkers of response are still needed to identify candidates for non-responders. We aimed to investigate whether immunotherapy [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET radiomics signature (iRADIOMICS) predicts response of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to pembrolizumab better than the current clinical standards.</p></sec><sec id="j_raon-2020-0042_s_006_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1aab1c17b2Aa"><h3>Patients and methods</h3><p>Thirty patients receiving pembrolizumab were scanned with [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT at baseline, month 1 and 4. Associations of six robust primary tumour radiomics features with overall survival were analysed with Mann-Whitney U-test (MWU), Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, and ROC curve analysis. iRADIOMICS was constructed using univariate and multivariate logistic models of the most promising feature(s). Its predictive power was compared to PD-L1 tumour proportion score (TPS) and iRECIST using ROC curve analysis. Prediction accuracies were assessed with 5-fold cross validation.</p></sec><sec id="j_raon-2020-0042_s_007_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1aab1c17b3Aa"><h3>Results</h3><p>The most predictive were baseline radiomics features, e.g. Small Run Emphasis (MWU, p = 0.001; hazard ratio = 0.46, p = 0.007; AUC = 0.85 (95% CI 0.69–1.00)). Multivariate iRADIOMICS was found superior to the current standards in terms of predictive power and timewise with the following AUC (95% CI) and accuracy (standard deviation): iRADIOMICS (baseline), 0.90 (0.78–1.00), 78% (18%); PD-L1 TPS (baseline), 0.60 (0.37–0.83), 53% (18%); iRECIST (month 1), 0.79 (0.62–0.95), 76% (16%); iRECIST (month 4), 0.86 (0.72–1.00), 76% (17%).</p></sec><sec id="j_raon-2020-0042_s_008_w2aab3b7b4b1b6b1aab1c17b4Aa"><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Multivariate iRADIOMICS was identified as a promising imaging biomarker, which could improve management of metastatic NSCLC patients treated with pembrolizumab. The predicted non-responders could be offered other treatment options to improve their overall survival.</p></sec></abstract>

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the paradigm of cancer treatment; however, non-invasive biomarkers of response are still needed to identify candidates for non-responders. We aimed to investigate whether immunotherapy [18F]FDG PET radiomics signature (iRADIOMICS) predicts response of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to pembrolizumab better than the current clinical standards.Patients and methodsThirty patients receiving pembrolizumab were scanned with [18F]FDG PET/CT at baseline, month 1 and 4. Associations of six robust primary tumour radiomics features with overall survival were analysed with Mann-Whitney U-test (MWU), Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, and ROC curve analysis. iRADIOMICS was constructed using univariate and multivariate logistic models of the most promising feature(s). Its predictive power was compared to PD-L1 tumour proportion score (TPS) and iRECIST using ROC curve analysis. Prediction accuracies were assessed with 5-fold cross validation.ResultsThe most predictive were baseline radiomics features, e.g. Small Run Emphasis (MWU, p = 0.001; hazard ratio = 0.46, p = 0.007; AUC = 0.85 (95% CI 0.69–1.00)). Multivariate iRADIOMICS was found superior to the current standards in terms of predictive power and timewise with the following AUC (95% CI) and accuracy (standard deviation): iRADIOMICS (baseline), 0.90 (0.78–1.00), 78% (18%); PD-L1 TPS (baseline), 0.60 (0.37–0.83), 53% (18%); iRECIST (month 1), 0.79 (0.62–0.95), 76% (16%); iRECIST (month 4), 0.86 (0.72–1.00), 76% (17%).ConclusionsMultivariate iRADIOMICS was identified as a promising imaging biomarker, which could improve management of metastatic NSCLC patients treated with pembrolizumab. The predicted non-responders could be offered other treatment options to improve their overall survival.

[<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET immunotherapy radiomics signature (iRADIOMICS) predicts response of non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab

Radiology and Oncology

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

[F]FDG PET immunotherapy radiomics signature (iRADIOMICS) predicts response of non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the paradigm of cancer treatment; however, non-invasive biomarkers of response are still needed to identify...

[¹⁸F]FDG PET immunotherapy radiomics signature (iRADIOMICS) predicts response of non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: Jul 29, 2020

Page range: 285 - 294

Received: Apr 30, 2020

Accepted: Jun 05, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2020-0042

© 2020 Damijan Valentinuzzi, Martina Vrankar, Nina Boc, Valentina Ahac, Ziga Zupancic, Mojca Unk, Katja Skalic, Ivana Zagar, Andrej Studen, Urban Simoncic, Jens Eickhoff, Robert Jeraj, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

[18F]FDG PET immunotherapy radiomics signature (iRADIOMICS) predicts response of non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab

Article Category: Research Article

Published Online: Jul 29, 2020

Page range: 285 - 294

Received: Apr 30, 2020

Accepted: Jun 05, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2020-0042

© 2020 Damijan Valentinuzzi, Martina Vrankar, Nina Boc, Valentina Ahac, Ziga Zupancic, Mojca Unk, Katja Skalic, Ivana Zagar, Andrej Studen, Urban Simoncic, Jens Eickhoff, Robert Jeraj, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

[¹⁸F]FDG PET immunotherapy radiomics signature (iRADIOMICS) predicts response of non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab