[
Balar, A. V. (2017). Atezolizumab as first-line treatment in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma: A single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet, 389, 67–76.10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32455-2
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Balar, A. V. (2017). First-line pembrolizumab in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer (KEYNOTE-052): A multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol., 18, 1483–1492.10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30616-2
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Beer, T. M. (2014). Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy. New Engl. J. Med., 371, 424–43310.1056/NEJMoa1405095441893124881730
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bellmunt, J. (2017). Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma. New Engl. J. Med., 376, 1015–1026.10.1056/NEJMoa1613683563542428212060
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bellmunt, J. (2009). Phase III trial of vinflunine plus best supportive care compared with best supportive care alone after a platinum-containing regimen in patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract. J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Amer. Soc. Clin. Oncol., 27, 4454–4461.10.1200/JCO.2008.20.553419687335
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Butte, M. J., Keir, M. E., Phamduy, T. B., Sharpe, A. H., Freeman, G. J. (2007). Programmed death-1 ligand 1 interacts specifically with the B7-1 costimulatory molecule to inhibit T cell responses. Immunity, 27 (1), 111–122.10.1016/j.immuni.2007.05.016270794417629517
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Calopedos, R. J. S., Chalasani, V., Asher, R., Emmett, L., Woo, H. H. (2017). Lutetium-177-labelled anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen antibody and ligands for the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis., 20, 352–360.10.1038/pcan.2017.2328440324
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cameron, F., Whiteside, G., Perry, C. (2011). Ipilimumab: First global approval. Drugs, 71 (8), 1093–1104.10.2165/11594010-000000000-0000021668044
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chi, K. N. (2019). Apalutamide for metastatic, castration-sensitive prostate cancer. New Engl. J. Med., 381, 13–24.10.1056/NEJMoa190330731150574
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Davis, I. D. (2019). Enzalutamide with standard first-line therapy in meta-static prostate cancer. New Engl. J. Med., 381, 121–131.10.1056/NEJMoa190383531157964
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Devlin, H. (2018). James P Allison and Tasuku Honjo win Nobel prize for medicine. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/oct/01/james-p-allison-and-tasuku-honjo-win-nobel-prize-for-medicine (accessed 25.04.2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Eisenberger, M. (2017). Phase III study comparing a reduced dose of cabazitaxel (20 mg/m(2)) and the currently approved dose (25 mg/m(2)) in postdocetaxel patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer-PROSELICA. J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Amer. Soc. Clin. Oncol., 35, 3198–3206.10.1200/JCO.2016.72.1076
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Eisenhardt, A., Ohlmann, C. H., Doehn, C. (2020). Algorithmen zur Systemtherapie bei Prostata-, Urothel- und Nierenzellkarzinom. Der Urologe, 59, 533–543 (in German).10.1007/s00120-020-01182-0
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Falkmer, U., Jarhult, J., Wersall, P., Cavallin-Stahl, E. (2003). A systematic overview of radiation therapy effects in skeletal metastases. Acta Oncol., 42 (5–6), 620–633.10.1080/02841860310014895
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Filipovic, A., Miller, G., Bolen, J. (2020). Progress toward identifying exact proxies for predicting response to immunotherapies. Front Cell Dev. Biol., 17 (8), 155.10.3389/fcell.2020.00155
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fizazi, K. (2017). Abiraterone plus prednisone in metastatic, castration-sensitive prostate cancer. New Engl. J. Med., 377, 352–360.10.1056/NEJMoa1704174
]Search in Google Scholar
[
George, D. J. (2013). Metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer management metastatic CRPC: A cross-sectional landscape of the disease and treatments. Urology, 82, http://webedcafe.com/extern/program_media/goldjournal.net/2013/prostate_cancer/figure.php?speaker=george&figure=1 (accessed 25.04.2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Grance, E., Galsky, M., Arrenz, J. A., De Santis, M., Davis, I. D., De Giorgi, U. F. F., Mencinger, M., Kikuchi, E., Garcia del Muro, X., Gumus, M., Ozguroglu, M., Rezazadeh Kalebasty, A., Park., S. H., Alekseev, B. Y., Schutz, F. A. B., Li, J. R., Mecke, A., Mariathasan, S., Thastrom, A., Bamias, A. (2019). LBA14_PRIMvigor130: Efficacy and safety from a phase III study of atezolizumab (atezo) as monotherapy or combined with platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) vs placebo + PBC in previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Ann. Oncol., 30 (5), v888–v889.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Heidenreich, A. (2013). Cabazitaxel plus prednisone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel: Results from the German compassionate-use programme. Eur. Urol., 63, 977–982.10.1016/j.eururo.2012.08.058
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hussain, M. (2018). Enzalutamide in men with nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. New Engl. J. Med., 378, 2465–2474.10.1056/NEJMoa1800536
]Search in Google Scholar
[
James, N. D. (2017). Abiraterone for prostate pancer not previously treated with hormone therapy. New Engl. J. Med., 377, 338–351.10.1056/NEJMoa1702900
]Search in Google Scholar
[
James, N. D. (2016). Addition of docetaxel, zoledronic acid, or both to first-line long-term hormone therapy in prostate cancer (STAMPEDE): Survival results from an adaptive, multiarm, multistage, platform randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 387, 1163–1177.10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01037-5
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Karwacz, K., Bricogne, C., MacDonald, D., Arce, F., Bennett, C. L., Collins, M., Escors, D. (2011). PD-L1 co-stimulation contributes to ligand-induced T cell receptor down-modulation on CD8+ T cells. EMBO Mol. Med., 3 (10), 581–592.10.1002/emmm.201100165319112021739608
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Klaassen, Z., Wallis, C. J. D. (2020). First line therapy for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Kidney-cancer-today/118209-first-line-therapy-for-metastatic-clear-cell-rcc.html (accessed 24.04.2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ljungberg, B., Albiges, L., Bensalah, K., Bex, A., Giles, R.H., Hora, M., Kuczyk, M.A., Lam, T., Marconi, L., Merseburger, A. S., Powles, T., Staehler, M., Volpe, A. (2020). EAU Guidelines on Renal Cell Carcinoma. https://uroweb.org/wp-content/uploads/EAU-Guidelines-on-Renal-Cell-Carcinoma-2020.pdf (accessed 24.04.2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Maase, H. (2005). Long-term survival results of a randomized trial comparing gemcitabine plus cisplatin, with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, plus cisplatin in patients with bladder cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. Off. J. Amer. Soc. Clin. Oncol., 23, 4602–4608.10.1200/JCO.2005.07.757
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mottet, N., Cornford, P., van den Bergh, R. C. N., De Santis, M., Fanti, S., Gillessen, S., Grummet, J., Henry, A. M., Lam, T. B., Mason, M. D., van der Kwast, T. H., van der Poel, H. G., Rouviere, O., Schoots, I. G., Tilki, D., Wiegel, T. (2020) Oncology Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. https://uroweb.org/guideline/prostate-cancer/ (accessed 24.04.2021).
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nair, B., Wilt, T., MacDonald, R., Rutks, I. (2002). Early versus deferred androgen suppression in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., (1), CD003506.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pardoll, D. M. (2012). The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nature Rev. Cancer. 12 (4), 252–264.10.1038/nrc3239
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ryan, C. J. (2015). Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus placebo plus prednisone in chemotherapy-naive men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (COU-AA-302): Final overall survival analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol., 16, 152–160.10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71205-7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sharma, P. (2017). Nivolumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum therapy (CheckMate 275): A multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol., 18, 312–322.10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30065-7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Smith, M. R. (2018). Apalutamide treatment and metastasis-free survival in prostate cancer. New Engl. J. Med., 378, 1408–1418.10.1056/NEJMoa1715546
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sweeney, C. J. (2015). Chemohormonal therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. New Engl. J. Med., 373, 737–746.10.1056/NEJMoa1503747
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Syn, N. L., Teng, M. W. L., Mok, T. S. K. Soo, R. A. (2017). De-novo and acquired resistance to immune checkpoint targeting. The Lancet Oncology, 18 (12), e731–e741.10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30607-1
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Witjes, J. A., Bruins, H. M., Cathomas, R., Comperat, E., Cowan, N. C., Gakis, G., Hernandez, V., Lorch, A., Ribal, M. J., Thalmann, G. N., van der Heijden, A. G., Veskimae, E. (2020). EAU Guidelines on muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer. https://uroweb.org/guideline/bladder-cancer-muscle-invasive-and-metastatic/ (accessed 24.04.2021).
]Search in Google Scholar