<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p>The Polish socialist movement has undergone various stages of development over more than 100 years of history. In the first half of the 20th century it was, to a large extent, identified with European Social Democracy. After the Second World War and the seizure of power in Poland by the communists, the socialist movement was replaced by a communist ideology that completely distorted the authentic democratic socialism and appropriated the values it represented. The unmasking of communist counterfeits was dealt with by the Polish émigré activist – Adam Ciołkosz, who as active politician and theoretician of socialism, showed a special activity in the contestation of communism. His views as an authentic Social Democrat had a significant impact on the political thought of the Polish socialist movement outside Poland. Ciołkosz, as an anti-Communist, represented such values as: respect for human rights and social justice, humanistic sensitivity, Christianity and above all socialism. At the same time, he promoted the need to fight communism and expose the criminal ideology. He pointed to the need to introduce a system of social justice (i.e. democratic socialism).</p></abstract>

The Polish socialist movement has undergone various stages of development over more than 100 years of history. In the first half of the 20th century it was, to a large extent, identified with European Social Democracy. After the Second World War and the seizure of power in Poland by the communists, the socialist movement was replaced by a communist ideology that completely distorted the authentic democratic socialism and appropriated the values it represented. The unmasking of communist counterfeits was dealt with by the Polish émigré activist – Adam Ciołkosz, who as active politician and theoretician of socialism, showed a special activity in the contestation of communism. His views as an authentic Social Democrat had a significant impact on the political thought of the Polish socialist movement outside Poland. Ciołkosz, as an anti-Communist, represented such values as: respect for human rights and social justice, humanistic sensitivity, Christianity and above all socialism. At the same time, he promoted the need to fight communism and expose the criminal ideology. He pointed to the need to introduce a system of social justice (i.e. democratic socialism).

The Opposition to Communism in the Political Thought of The Exiled Democratic Socialist Adam Ciołkosz

Polish Political Science Review

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

The Polish socialist movement has undergone various stages of development over more than 100 years of history. In the first half of the 20th century it was, to...

The Opposition to Communism in the Political Thought of The Exiled Democratic Socialist Adam Ciołkosz

Published Online: Dec 19, 2018

Page range: 92 - 104

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ppsr-2018-0007

Keywords
Socialism, communism, ideology, doctrine, democratic socialism, dictatorship

© 2018 Lilla Barbara Paszkiewicz, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

The Opposition to Communism in the Political Thought of The Exiled Democratic Socialist Adam Ciołkosz

Published Online: Dec 19, 2018

Page range: 92 - 104

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ppsr-2018-0007

KeywordsSocialism, communism, ideology, doctrine, democratic socialism, dictatorship

© 2018 Lilla Barbara Paszkiewicz, published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
Socialism, communism, ideology, doctrine, democratic socialism, dictatorship