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Distribution of oil, grease and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal water and sediments of Suez Bay

Randa Elmorsi
Randa Elmorsi
   | Dec 03, 2021
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Article Category: Original research paper
Published Online: Dec 03, 2021
Page range: 373 - 384
Received: Mar 31, 2021
Accepted: Jun 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oandhs-2021-0032
Keywords
© 2021 Randa Elmorsi, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Sampling sites in Suez Bay, Egypt. The map was copied using Google Earth software
Sampling sites in Suez Bay, Egypt. The map was copied using Google Earth software

Figure 2

Variation in permanganate indices (PI, mg O2 l−1) and oil and grease (O&G, mg l−1) along the western coastal waters of Suez Bay
Variation in permanganate indices (PI, mg O2 l−1) and oil and grease (O&G, mg l−1) along the western coastal waters of Suez Bay

Figure 3

Concentration of PAHs at different sites in the western coastal waters of Suez Bay in 2018 expressed in ng l−1
Concentration of PAHs at different sites in the western coastal waters of Suez Bay in 2018 expressed in ng l−1

Figure 4

Concentration of PAHs at different sites in the western coastal sediments of Suez Bay in 2018 expressed in ng g−1
Concentration of PAHs at different sites in the western coastal sediments of Suez Bay in 2018 expressed in ng g−1

PAH concentrations in water (W) and sediment (S) samples in SB based on the number of aromatic rings and PAH ratios

site LPAHs (2–3 rings) HPAHs (4–6 rings) LPAHs/HPAHs FLU/PYR PHE/ANT
W (ng l−1) S (ng g−1) W (ng l−1) S (ng g−1) W S W S W S
1 1.019 0.575 13.716 177.261 0.07 0.00 0 - - 0
2 0.502 1.171 0.000 11.203 ∞ 0.10 - 0 - 0
3 0.727 334.239 0.937 2069.393 0.78 0.16 - 0 - 0.57
4 5.297 4.252 BDL 2456.395 ∞ 0.00 - 0 2.01 0
5 BDL 4.318 BDL 31.077 - 0.14 - 0 - 1.21
6 BDL BDL 21.644 169.064 0.00 0.00 ∞ - - -
7 BDL BDL 16.733 492.426 0.00 0.00 - 0 - -
8 1.796 71.865 24.827 6370.110 0.07 0.01 ∞ 0.03 - 0.31
9 3.878 130.909 12.342 17 538.434 0.31 0.01 0 0.18 - 1.06
10 BDL BDL BDL BDL - - - - - -
11 3.394 4.834 110.602 11 670.158 0.03 0.00 1.03 0.15 - 0
12 3.892 0.000 20.669 2127.562 0.19 0.00 0 0 ∞ -
13 BDL BDL BDL BDL - - 0 - - 0

Comparison of current mean values of PI, O&G, TPAHs in seawater and TPAHs in sediments of SB with previously published data

reference(place, year) PI mg O2 l−1 O&G mg l−1 TPAHs
seawater (ng l−1) dominant PAH sediment (ng g−1) dominant PAH
this work(SB, 2018) 12.4 25.6 13.6PYR, FLU, CHR 3359CHR
Soliman et al. 2017(SB, 2013–2014) 17.1–18.87* 14.7–28.0
Emara et al. 2013(GS, 2013) 36.8–296*
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for a Proposed Methanol Facility in Damietta Port (Draft Report), 2006(Damietta port, 2006) 22.5–585*
Eed et al. 2016(port Tawfik – El Ain Sokhna, 2016) 81.7
State of Oil Pollution and Management in Suez Gulf Region 2008(SB, 2004–2005) 4–213
Eed et al. 2016(GS, 2016) 4–14
Soliman et al. 2017(SB, 2013–2014) 14.7–90.9
Ahmed et al. 2015(drainage basin of Suez Oil Petroleum Company, 2014) 65–2 338 413NAP, ACE, FLU, PHE, ANT 65–2 338 413NAP, ACE, FLU, PHE, ANT
El-Agroudy et al. 2007(GS, 2004–2005) 33–2410
El-Agroudy et al. 2007(GS, 2011) 160FLU, bANT, PYR, iPYR, bkFLA 103–208FLU, bANT, PYR, iPYR, bkFLA
Ali et al. 2006(Suez Canal, 2005) 520–3 393 000inPYR 586–8593inPYR
Soliman et al. 2019(Arab Gulf, 2014–2015) 112PHE, ANT, CHR
Azab et al. 2012(SB, 2013) 719 000
Jaward et al. 2012(an estuary in Mexico, 2007) 9–347PHE, PYR, NAP 27–418PHE, PYR, NAP

Statistical correlation study

environmental parameter factor PI OG TPAHs in sediment TPAHs in water T pH TDS Cl DO BOD NH4 NO2 NO3 PO4 SiO4 Chl a TRIX
PI PCn 1 −0.092 0.231 0.499 0.104 −0.411 −0.114 −0.336 –0.022 −0.1 0.363 −0.067 –0.003 −0.539 −0.101 −0.711(**) −0.476
S2t 0.766 0.447 0.099 0.736 0.163 0.71 0.262 0.942 0.746 0.222 0.828 0.992 0.057 0.742 0.006 0.1
N 13 13 13 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
OG PCn −0.092 1 −0.21 0.445 0.06 0.447 0.06 0.275 0.157 −0.081 0.064 0.237 0.277 0.502 0.318 0.352 0.478
S2t 0.766 0.49 0.148 0.845 0.125 0.845 0.362 0.609 0.792 0.835 0.436 0.359 0.08 0.289 0.239 0.099
N 13 13 13 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
TPAHs in sediment PCn 0.231 −0.21 1 0.072 0.596(*) 0.083 0.487 −0.198 0.211 0.001 0.254 0.167 0.219 −0.046 0.361 −0.255 0.037
S2t 0.447 0.49 0.824 0.031 0.788 0.092 0.517 0.488 0.996 0.403 0.586 0.472 0.881 0.226 0.401 0.903
N 13 13 13 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13
TPAHs in water PCn 0.499 0.445 0.072 1 0.278 0.164 0.187 −0.059 0.3 0.21 0.243 0.237 0.281 0.169 0.384 −0.322 0.149
S2t 0.099 0.148 0.824 0.381 0.61 0.561 0.855 0.343 0.512 0.446 0.458 0.375 0.601 0.217 0.307 0.645
N 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Variation in permanganate indices (PI, mg O2 l−1) and oil and grease (O&G, mg l−1) along the western coastal waters of Suez Bay

Site no. Site name PI mg O2 l−1 O&G mg l−1
1 naval base 16.0 17
2 port Tawfik 9.6 33
3 Courniche 10.4 20
4 Salakhana 10.4 24
5 Pilgrim Village 12.0 29
6 Nasr Petroleum Company 13.6 37
7 Cabanon drain 10.4 23
8 Fertilizers and Misr-Iran Companies 14.4 22
9 Attaqa Electrical Station 12.8 25
10 NIOF 12.0 20
11 Kazak Hassan 13.6 21
12 Attaka 14.4 35
13 Adabiya 11.2 27
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