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Effects of feed on fatty acid composition in muscles and gonads of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

Jianmin Zou
Jianmin Zou
, 
Chao Song
Chao Song
, 
Shunlong Meng
Shunlong Meng
, 
Gengdong Hu
Gengdong Hu
, 
Liping Qiu
Liping Qiu
, 
Limin Fan
Limin Fan
 and 
Jiazhang Chen
Jiazhang Chen
   | Sep 02, 2021
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Article Category: Original research paper
Published Online: Sep 02, 2021
Page range: 338 - 351
Received: Nov 05, 2020
Accepted: Jan 11, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oandhs-2021-0029
Keywords
© 2021 Jianmin Zou et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Area maps of six main fatty acids and total fatty acid content. (A) All gonad samples are ordered by total fatty acid content. (B) All muscle samples are ordered by total fatty acid content
Area maps of six main fatty acids and total fatty acid content. (A) All gonad samples are ordered by total fatty acid content. (B) All muscle samples are ordered by total fatty acid content

Figure 2

Redundancy analysis (RDA) graph of gonad and muscle samples. (A) Gonad samples from the Chinese mitten crab reared using two different types of feed are clustered in two different regions and showed significant separation (p < 0.05). (B) Muscle samples from the Chinese mitten crab reared using two different types of feed also are clustered in two different regions and showed significant separation (p < 0.05)
Redundancy analysis (RDA) graph of gonad and muscle samples. (A) Gonad samples from the Chinese mitten crab reared using two different types of feed are clustered in two different regions and showed significant separation (p < 0.05). (B) Muscle samples from the Chinese mitten crab reared using two different types of feed also are clustered in two different regions and showed significant separation (p < 0.05)

Figure 3

Comparison of average fatty acid content in samples from crabs receiving different types of feed. (A) Comparison of levels of different fatty acids in gonad samples from different feed groups. (B) Comparison of levels of various fatty acids from muscle samples from different feed groups
Comparison of average fatty acid content in samples from crabs receiving different types of feed. (A) Comparison of levels of different fatty acids in gonad samples from different feed groups. (B) Comparison of levels of various fatty acids from muscle samples from different feed groups

Figure 4

Fatty acid composition in formulated feed and frozen trash fish
Fatty acid composition in formulated feed and frozen trash fish

Figure 5

Correlations between fatty acids in feed and fatty acids in samples. (A) Analysis of correlation between levels of fatty acids in samples and their levels in feed by using levels of fatty acids in feed (y-axis coordinates) and their corresponding levels in crab gonad samples (x-axis coordinates). (B) Analysis of correlation between levels of fatty acids in samples and their levels in feed by using levels of fatty acids in feed (y-axis coordinates) and their levels in crab muscle samples (x-axis coordinates)
Correlations between fatty acids in feed and fatty acids in samples. (A) Analysis of correlation between levels of fatty acids in samples and their levels in feed by using levels of fatty acids in feed (y-axis coordinates) and their corresponding levels in crab gonad samples (x-axis coordinates). (B) Analysis of correlation between levels of fatty acids in samples and their levels in feed by using levels of fatty acids in feed (y-axis coordinates) and their levels in crab muscle samples (x-axis coordinates)

Figure 6

Nutritional value of fatty acids. (A) Comparison of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, and trans-fatty acid levels between gonad and muscle samples from two different feed groups and common food products. (B) Comparison of total fatty acid content between gonad and muscle samples from crabs receiving two different types of feed and different fish products. (C) Comparison of total ω-3PUFA and ω-6PUFA content between gonad and muscle samples from crabs receiving two different types of feed and different fish products. (D) Comparison of DHA+EPA content between gonad and muscle samples from crabs receiving two different types of feed and different fish products. Data on other fish products come from Zhang et al. (2014).
Nutritional value of fatty acids. (A) Comparison of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, and trans-fatty acid levels between gonad and muscle samples from two different feed groups and common food products. (B) Comparison of total fatty acid content between gonad and muscle samples from crabs receiving two different types of feed and different fish products. (C) Comparison of total ω-3PUFA and ω-6PUFA content between gonad and muscle samples from crabs receiving two different types of feed and different fish products. (D) Comparison of DHA+EPA content between gonad and muscle samples from crabs receiving two different types of feed and different fish products. Data on other fish products come from Zhang et al. (2014).

j.oandhs-2021-0029.apptab.001

No. Names Abbreviation CAS Number Category 1 Category 2
1 Methyl butyrate C4:0 623-42-7 SFA SCFA
2 Methyl hexanoate C6:0 106-70-7 SFA MCFA
3 Methyl octanoate C8:0 111-11-5 SFA MCFA
4 Methyl decanoate C10:0 110-42-9 SFA MCFA
5 Methyl undecanoate C11:0 1731-86-8 SFA MCFA
6 Methyl laurate C12:0 111-82-0 SFA MCFA
7 Methyl tridecanoate C13:0 1731-88-0 SFA LCFA
8 Methyl myristate C14:0 124-10-7 SFA LCFA
9 Methyl myristoleate C14:1 56219-06-8 MUFA LCFA
10 Methyl pentadecanoate C15:0 7132-64-1 SFA LCFA
11 Methyl cis-10-pentadecenoate C15:1 90176-53-6 MUFA LCFA
12 Methyl palmitate C16:0 112-39-0 SFA LCFA
13 Methyl palmitoleate C16:1 1120-25-8 MUFA LCFA
14 Methyl heptadecanoate C17:0 1731-92-6 SFA LCFA
15 cis-10-Heptadecanoic acid methyl ester C17:1 75190-82-8 MUFA LCFA
16 Methyl octadecanoate C18:0 112-61-8 SFA LCFA
17 trans-9-Elaidic acid methyl ester C18:1n9t 1937-61-88 MUFA LCFA
18 cis-9-Oleic acid methyl ester C18:1n9c 112-62-9 MUFA LCFA
19 Methyl linolelaidate C18:2n6t 2566-97-4 PUFA LCFA
20 Methyl linoleate C18:2n6c 112-63-0 PUFA LCFA
21 Methyl arachidate C20:0 1120-28-1 SFA LCFA
22 Methyl γ-linolenate C18:3n6 16326-32-2 PUFA LCFA
23 Methyl cis-11-eicosenoate C20:1 2390/9/2 MUFA LCFA
24 Methyl linolenate C18:3n3 301-00-8 PUFA LCFA
25 Methyl heneicosanoate C21:0 6064-90-0 SFA LCFA
26 cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid methyl ester C20:2 2463/2/7 PUFA LCFA
27 Methyl behenate C22:0 929-77-1 SFA LCFA
28 cis-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid methyl ester C20:3n6 21061-10-9 PUFA LCFA
29 Methyl erucate C22:1n9 1120-34-9 MUFA LCFA
30 cis-11,14,17-Eicosatrienoic acid methyl ester C20:3n3 55682-88-7 PUFA LCFA
31 cis-5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid methyl ester C20:4n6 2433-97-8 PUFA LCFA
32 Methyl tricosanoate C23:0 2566-89-4 SFA LCFA
33 cis-13,16-Docosadienoic acid methyl ester C22:2 61012-47-6 PUFA LCFA
34 Methyl lignocerate C24:0 2442-49-1 SFA LCFA
35 cis-5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic acid methyl ester C20:5n3 2734-47-6 PUFA LCFA
36 Methyl nervonate C24:1 2733-88-2 MUFA LCFA
37 cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-Docosahexaenoic acid methyl ester C22:6n3 2566-90-7 PUFA LCFA

Description of aquaculture ponds for the Chinese mitten crab

Pond Area (ha) Feed Feed coefficient Rearing density (ind. ha−1) Juvenile crab size (g) Yield (kg ha−1) Adult crab specifications (g)
Pond 1 1.2 Formulated feed 2.2 19 500 9.1 3988 175
Pond 2 0.2 Frozen trash fish 3.5 12 000 9.1 2578 190

Distribution of fatty acids in crab gonads

Abbreviation Detection frequency (%) Percentile (mg 100g−1)
25th 50th 75th Maximum Mean
C4:0 ND - - - - -
C6:0 52.94 - 1.63 4.89 9.43 2.69
C8:0 100 5.59 6.06 6.57 24.81 7.13
C10:0 100 7.60 9.06 9.36 25.14 9.34
C11:0 ND - - - - -
C12:0 100 18.91 29.81 31.87 73.16 29.17
C13:0 100 7.01 8.93 11.19 21.49 9.75
C14:0 100 178.49 338.62 537.07 755.70 350.50
C14:1 100 19.42 50.59 97.86 118.08 56.41
C15:0 100 54.70 92.82 144.12 181.37 96.38
C15:1 ND - - - - -
C16:0 100 1669.37 2083.94 2519.33 5631.49 2341.52
C16:1 100 830.37 1047.71 1505.30 3402.25 1329.30
C17:0 100 48.88 80.70 118.06 173.58 87.65
C17:1 100 43.97 71.69 109.13 195.01 83.73
C18:0 100 267.84 336.02 395.19 841.47 363.02
C18:1n9t 100 37.27 56.52 82.12 231.50 73.50
C18:1n9c 100 2186.39 2571.46 3306.56 7773.32 3036.25
C18:2n6t ND - - - - -
C18:2n6c 100 1201.22 1656.27 2297.24 5048.97 1873.42
C20:0 100 31.13 35.94 54.50 84.40 41.83
C18:3n6 100 16.35 18.84 25.02 71.58 22.23
C20:1 100 12.50 16.75 20.80 102.28 20.30
C18:3n3 100 281.29 402.50 468.10 964.27 407.59
C21:0 100 9.23 10.24 15.66 38.93 13.75
C20:2 100 94.35 133.82 155.71 374.54 149.82
C22:0 100 15.03 23.47 34.29 66.24 25.97
C20:3n6 100 25.14 32.54 37.79 128.94 40.77
C22:1n9 100 10.21 19.63 31.64 43.70 21.85
C20:3n3 100 38.40 54.95 83.99 217.15 68.70
C20:4n6 100 96.68 150.36 174.32 407.14 167.52
C23:0 100 15.10 25.09 31.13 78.76 28.33
C22:2 100 2.73 3.34 4.38 9.74 4.24
C24:0 100 12.42 17.32 23.02 50.07 19.70
C20:5n3 100 206.15 338.46 476.44 691.65 344.24
C24:1 100 13.96 25.15 37.46 58.36 26.38
C22:6n3 100 482.72 891.35 1093.81 1324.45 769.28
Total fatty acids / 8654.14 11227.59 13460.34 28208.63 11922.26

Distribution of fatty acids in crab muscles

Abbreviation Detection frequency (%) Percentile (mg 100g−1)
25th 50th 75th Maximum Mean
C4:0 88.24 0.70 0.87 0.96 4.65 1.18
C6:0 70.59 - 0.98 1.35 4.30 1.03
C8:0 58.82 - 0.49 0.80 4.22 0.72
C10:0 47.06 - - 0.62 3.26 0.42
C11:0 ND - - - - -
C12:0 ND - - - - -
C13:0 ND - - - - -
C14:0 100 1.03 1.74 3.74 34.66 4.48
C14:1 64.71 - 0.78 0.93 9.56 1.11
C15:0 100 0.46 0.72 1.29 6.83 1.17
C15:1 ND - - - - -
C16:0 100 10.72 29.81 41.03 247.69 41.45
C16:1 100 7.10 13.92 25.73 133.61 21.57
C17:0 100 0.80 1.30 2.17 10.68 2.03
C17:1 94.12 0.79 1.31 2.04 9.72 1.99
C18:0 100 8.26 18.65 20.99 99.95 21.74
C18:1n9t 82.35 0.43 0.82 1.47 3.78 1.05
C18:1n9c 100 25.48 69.68 98.31 424.97 90.10
C18:2n6t ND - - - - -
C18:2n6c 100 15.61 46.25 55.20 177.76 50.97
C20:0 100 0.57 0.95 1.46 6.52 1.36
C18:3n6 ND - - - - -
C20:1 100 1.08 1.84 2.64 23.57 3.53
C18:3n3 100 3.94 7.14 12.23 42.32 10.70
C21:0 52.94 - 0.19 0.31 0.82 0.20
C20:2 100 2.22 6.31 9.40 18.76 6.71
C22:0 100 0.71 1.27 1.94 6.21 1.68
C20:3n6 41.18 - - 1.31 2.44 0.68
C22:1n9 ND - - - - -
C20:3n3 100 0.65 1.03 1.63 3.58 1.22
C20:4n6 100 5.87 17.91 27.98 74.92 20.43
C23:0 ND - - - - -
C22:2 ND - - - - -
C24:0 ND - - - - -
C20:5n3 100 24.24 43.82 56.79 304.72 61.02
C24:1 ND - - - - -
C22:6n3 100 32.90 50.38 72.24 467.12 84.21
Total fatty acids / 144.90 313.94 413.57 2122.05 432.73
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