Open Access

Who generated the loopholes? A case study of corporate tax advisors’ regulatory capture over anti-tax avoidance legislation in Finland

   | Oct 05, 2021

Cite

Amore, Mario Daniele, and Morten Bennedsen. 2013. “The value of local political connections in a low-corruption environment.” Journal of Financial Economics 110 (2): 387–402. AmoreMario Daniele BennedsenMorten 2013 “The value of local political connections in a low-corruption environment.” Journal of Financial Economics 110 2 387 402 Search in Google Scholar

Anesa, Mattia, Nicole Gillespie, A. Paul Spee, and Kerrie Sadiq. 2019. “The legitimation of corporate tax minimization.” Accounting, Organizations and Society 75 (May 2019): 17–39. AnesaMattia GillespieNicole SpeeA. Paul SadiqKerrie 2019 “The legitimation of corporate tax minimization.” Accounting, Organizations and Society 75 (May 2019) 17 39 Search in Google Scholar

Baden, Adam, and Duncan Wigan. 2017. “Professional Activists on Tax Transparency.” In Professional Networks in Transnational Governance, edited by Leonard Seabrooke and Lasse Folke Henriksen, 130–146. New York: Cambridge University Press. BadenAdam WiganDuncan 2017 “Professional Activists on Tax Transparency.” In Professional Networks in Transnational Governance edited by SeabrookeLeonard HenriksenLasse Folke 130 146 New York Cambridge University Press Search in Google Scholar

Beard, Peter. 1986. “Offshore Financial Centers in Caribbean Basin Secrecy Jurisdictions: Current Trends and Developments in United States Anti-Tax Haven Policy.” Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce, 12 (3): 520–551. BeardPeter 1986 “Offshore Financial Centers in Caribbean Basin Secrecy Jurisdictions: Current Trends and Developments in United States Anti-Tax Haven Policy.” Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce 12 3 520 551 Search in Google Scholar

Becker, Gary S. 1983. “A Theory of Competition among Pressure Groups for Political Influence.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 98 (3): 371–400. BeckerGary S 1983 “A Theory of Competition among Pressure Groups for Political Influence.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 98 3 371 400 Search in Google Scholar

Bernitz, Anna. 2013. Mehiläislaki. Korkojen vähennysoikeuden rajoittaminen Suomessa. Turku: University of Turku publication. https://www.utupub.fi/handle/10024/90242. Accessed 24 April 2019. BernitzAnna 2013 Mehiläislaki. Korkojen vähennysoikeuden rajoittaminen Suomessa Turku University of Turku publication https://www.utupub.fi/handle/10024/90242. Accessed 24 April 2019. Search in Google Scholar

Blom, Anders. 2018. Taloudelliset eturyhmät politiikan sisäpiirissä. Tutkimus liike-elämän poliittisesta vaikuttamisesta kolmikantaisessa Suomessa 1968–2011. Turku: University of Turku Press. BlomAnders 2018 Taloudelliset eturyhmät politiikan sisäpiirissä. Tutkimus liike-elämän poliittisesta vaikuttamisesta kolmikantaisessa Suomessa 1968–2011 Turku University of Turku Press Search in Google Scholar

Boehm, Frédéric. 2007. Regulatory Capture Revisited – Lessons from Economics of Corruption. Internet Centre for Corruption Research (ICGG) Working Paper 22. BoehmFrédéric 2007 Regulatory Capture Revisited – Lessons from Economics of Corruption Internet Centre for Corruption Research (ICGG) Working Paper 22. Search in Google Scholar

Botzem, Sebastian. 2008. “Transnational expert-driven standardisation: accountancy governance from a professional point of view.” In Transnational Private Governance and Its Limits, edited by Jean-Christophe Graz and Andreas Nölke, 44–57. London: Routledge. BotzemSebastian 2008 “Transnational expert-driven standardisation: accountancy governance from a professional point of view.” In Transnational Private Governance and Its Limits edited by GrazJean-Christophe NölkeAndreas 44 57 London Routledge Search in Google Scholar

Büttner Thies, Michael Overesch, Ulrich Schreiber, and Georg Wamser. 2008. The Impact of Thin-Capitalization Rules on Multinationals’ Financing and Investment Decisions. Berlin: Bundesbank Series 1 Discussion Paper (No. 2008/03). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2785182. Accessed 24 April 2019. ThiesBüttner OvereschMichael SchreiberUlrich WamserGeorg 2008 The Impact of Thin-Capitalization Rules on Multinationals’ Financing and Investment Decisions Berlin Bundesbank Series 1 Discussion Paper (No. 2008/03) https://ssrn.com/abstract=2785182. Accessed 24 April 2019. Search in Google Scholar

Büttner Thies, Michael Overesch, and Georg Wamser. 2018. “Anti profit-shifting rules and foreign direct investment.” International Tax and Public Finance 25 (3): 553–580. ThiesBüttner OvereschMichael WamserGeorg 2018 “Anti profit-shifting rules and foreign direct investment.” International Tax and Public Finance 25 3 553 580 Search in Google Scholar

Carpenter, R. Charli. 2007. “Setting the Advocacy Agenda: Theorizing Issue Emergence and Nonemergence in Transnational Advocacy Networks.” International Studies Quarterly 51 (1): 99–120. CarpenterR. Charli 2007 “Setting the Advocacy Agenda: Theorizing Issue Emergence and Nonemergence in Transnational Advocacy Networks.” International Studies Quarterly 51 1 99 120 Search in Google Scholar

Carpenter, Daniel, and David A. Moss. 2014. “Introduction.” In Preventing Regulatory Capture: Special Interest Influence and How to Limit It, edited by Daniel Carpenter and David A. Moss. New York: Cambridge University Press. CarpenterDaniel MossDavid A 2014 “Introduction.” In Preventing Regulatory Capture: Special Interest Influence and How to Limit It edited by CarpenterDaniel MossDavid A. New York Cambridge University Press Search in Google Scholar

Christensen, Rasmus Corlin. 2020a. “Transparency.” In Global Wealth Chains: Asset Strategies in the World Economy, edited by Leonard Seabrooke and Duncan Wigan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, forthcoming. ChristensenRasmus Corlin 2020a “Transparency.” In Global Wealth Chains: Asset Strategies in the World Economy edited by SeabrookeLeonard WiganDuncan Oxford Oxford University Press forthcoming. Search in Google Scholar

Christensen, Rasmus Corlin. 2020b. “Elite professionals in transnational tax governance.” Global Networks. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/glob.12269. Accessed 4 May 2020. ChristensenRasmus Corlin 2020b “Elite professionals in transnational tax governance.” Global Networks https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/glob.12269. Accessed 4 May 2020. Search in Google Scholar

Cingano, Federico, and Paolo Pinotti. 2013. “Politicians at work: The private returns and social costs of political connections.” Journal of the European Economic Association 11 (2): 433–465. CinganoFederico PinottiPaolo 2013 “Politicians at work: The private returns and social costs of political connections.” Journal of the European Economic Association 11 2 433 465 Search in Google Scholar

Clausing, Kimberly A. 2021. Testimony of Kimberly A. Clausing, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Tax Analysis, Before the Senate Committee on Finance. https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0079. Accessed 8 May 2021. ClausingKimberly A 2021 Testimony of Kimberly A. Clausing, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Tax Analysis, Before the Senate Committee on Finance https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0079. Accessed 8 May 2021. Search in Google Scholar

Council of the European Union. 2016. Outcome of the 3468th Council meeting of Economic and Financial Affairs. https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-9342-2016-INIT/en/pdf. Accessed 31 January 2021. Council of the European Union 2016 Outcome of the 3468th Council meeting of Economic and Financial Affairs https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-9342-2016-INIT/en/pdf. Accessed 31 January 2021. Search in Google Scholar

Coviello, Decio, and Stefano Gagliarducci. 2017. “Tenure in Office and Public Procurement.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9 (3): 59–105. CovielloDecio GagliarducciStefano 2017 “Tenure in Office and Public Procurement.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9 3 59 105 Search in Google Scholar

Cronin, Julie Anne, Emily Y. Lin, Laura Power, and Michael Cooper. 2013. “Distributing the Corporate Income Tax: Revised U.S. Treasury Methodology.” National Tax Journal 66 (1): 239–262. CroninJulie Anne LinEmily Y. PowerLaura CooperMichael 2013 “Distributing the Corporate Income Tax: Revised U.S. Treasury Methodology.” National Tax Journal 66 1 239 262 Search in Google Scholar

Drisko, James, and Tina Maschi. 2015. Content Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DriskoJames MaschiTina 2015 Content Analysis Oxford Oxford University Press Search in Google Scholar

Eisenberg, Rebecca S. 1993. “The Scholar as Advocate.” Journal of Legal Education 43 (1993): 391–400. EisenbergRebecca S 1993 “The Scholar as Advocate.” Journal of Legal Education 43 1993 391 400 Search in Google Scholar

European Commission 2015. Corporate income taxation in the European Union. Brussels: European Commission. European Commission 2015 Corporate income taxation in the European Union Brussels European Commission Search in Google Scholar

European Commission. 2016. Anti Tax Avoidance Package. https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/business/company-tax/anti-tax-avoidance-package_en. Accessed 24 April 2019. European Commission 2016 Anti Tax Avoidance Package https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/business/company-tax/anti-tax-avoidance-package_en. Accessed 24 April 2019. Search in Google Scholar

European Commission. 2017a. Aggressive tax planning indicators. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. European Commission 2017a Aggressive tax planning indicators Luxembourg Publications Office of the European Union Search in Google Scholar

European Commission. 2017b. A Fair and Efficient Tax System in the European Union for the Digital Single Market. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council COM(2017) 547 final. European Commission 2017b A Fair and Efficient Tax System in the European Union for the Digital Single Market Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council COM(2017) 547 final. Search in Google Scholar

European Commission. 2021. Harmful tax competition. https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/business/company-tax/harmful-tax-competition_en. Accessed 17 January 2021. European Commission 2021 Harmful tax competition https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/business/company-tax/harmful-tax-competition_en. Accessed 17 January 2021. Search in Google Scholar

European Parliament. 2019. Tax crimes: special committee calls for a European financial police force. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20190225IPR28727/tax-crimes-special-committee-calls-for-a-european-financial-police-force. Accessed 11 June 2021. European Parliament 2019 Tax crimes: special committee calls for a European financial police force https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20190225IPR28727/tax-crimes-special-committee-calls-for-a-european-financial-police-force. Accessed 11 June 2021. Search in Google Scholar

Faccio, Mara, and Ronald Masulis John McConnell. 2006. “Political Connections and Corporate Bailouts.” Journal of Finance 61 (6): 2597–2635. FaccioMara John McConnellRonald Masulis 2006 “Political Connections and Corporate Bailouts.” Journal of Finance 61 6 2597 2635 Search in Google Scholar

Finér, Lauri, and Matti Ylönen. 2017. “Tax-Driven Wealth Chains: A Multiple Case Study of Tax Avoidance in the Finnish Mining Sector.” Critical Perspectives on Accounting 48 (2017): 53–81. FinérLauri YlönenMatti 2017 “Tax-Driven Wealth Chains: A Multiple Case Study of Tax Avoidance in the Finnish Mining Sector.” Critical Perspectives on Accounting 48 2017 53 81 Search in Google Scholar

Finér (2018a). Caruna sai viimeisen sanan. https://veropolitiikka.blog/2018/11/26/caruna-sai-viimeisen-sanan/. Accessed 24 April 2019. Finér 2018a Caruna sai viimeisen sanan https://veropolitiikka.blog/2018/11/26/caruna-sai-viimeisen-sanan/. Accessed 24 April 2019. Search in Google Scholar

Finér (2018b). EK:n verolobbaus perustuu taas satuihin. https://veropolitiikka.blog/2018/11/04/ekn-verolobbausperustuu-taas-satuihin/. Accessed 24 April 2019. Finér 2018b EK:n verolobbaus perustuu taas satuihin https://veropolitiikka.blog/2018/11/04/ekn-verolobbausperustuu-taas-satuihin/. Accessed 24 April 2019. Search in Google Scholar

Finlex. 2019. Legislative drafting process guide. http://lainvalmistelu.finlex.fi/en/. Accessed 24 April 2019. Finlex 2019 Legislative drafting process guide http://lainvalmistelu.finlex.fi/en/. Accessed 24 April 2019. Search in Google Scholar

Finnemore, Martha, and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change.” International Organization 52 (4): 887–917. FinnemoreMartha SikkinkKathryn 1998 “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change.” International Organization 52 4 887 917 Search in Google Scholar

Finnwatch. 2016. Jäävuorta mittaamassa. Arvioita monikansallisten yritysten aggressiivisenverosuunnittelun laajuudesta Suomessa. Helsinki: Finnwatch publication. Finnwatch 2016 Jäävuorta mittaamassa Arvioita monikansallisten yritysten aggressiivisenverosuunnittelun laajuudesta Suomessa Helsinki Finnwatch publication Search in Google Scholar

Finnwatch. 2017. Verovälttelyn arkkitehdit. Kartoitus Suomen verosuunnittelumarkkinoista. Helsinki: Finnwatch publication. Finnwatch 2017 Verovälttelyn arkkitehdit. Kartoitus Suomen verosuunnittelumarkkinoista Helsinki Finnwatch publication Search in Google Scholar

Finnwatch. 2018. Hallitus antaa Carunan verovälttelyn jatkua. https://finnwatch.org/fi/uutiset/581-hallitus-antaa-carunan-verovaelttelyn-jatkua. Accessed 24 April 2019. Finnwatch 2018 Hallitus antaa Carunan verovälttelyn jatkua https://finnwatch.org/fi/uutiset/581-hallitus-antaa-carunan-verovaelttelyn-jatkua. Accessed 24 April 2019. Search in Google Scholar

Finnwatch. 2020a. Sähkönsiirtoyhtiöt välttävät veroja korkojärjestelyillä. https://finnwatch.org/fi/tutkimukset/789-saehkoensiirtoyhtioet-vaelttaevaet-veroja-korkojaerjestelyillae. Accessed 3 January 2021. Finnwatch 2020a Sähkönsiirtoyhtiöt välttävät veroja korkojärjestelyillä https://finnwatch.org/fi/tutkimukset/789-saehkoensiirtoyhtioet-vaelttaevaet-veroja-korkojaerjestelyillae. Accessed 3 January 2021. Search in Google Scholar

Finnwatch. 2020b. Aggressiivista verosuunnittelua kiinteistöalalla. https://finnwatch.org/fi/tutkimukset/730-aggressiivista-verosuunnittelua-kiinteistoealalla. Accessed 17 January 2021. Finnwatch 2020b Aggressiivista verosuunnittelua kiinteistöalalla https://finnwatch.org/fi/tutkimukset/730-aggressiivista-verosuunnittelua-kiinteistoealalla. Accessed 17 January 2021. Search in Google Scholar

Fraser, Nancy. 1998. Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, participation. WZB Discussion Paper, No. FS I 98–108. FraserNancy 1998 Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, participation WZB Discussion Paper, No. FS I 98–108. Search in Google Scholar

Forstater, Maya and Rasmus Corlin Christensen. 2017. New Players, New Game: The Role of the Public and Political Debate in the Development of Action on International Tax Issues. London: European Tax Policy Forum. ForstaterMaya ChristensenRasmus Corlin 2017 New Players, New Game: The Role of the Public and Political Debate in the Development of Action on International Tax Issues London European Tax Policy Forum Search in Google Scholar

Gaspar, Vitor, Laura Jaramillo, and Philippe Wingender. 2016. Tax Capacity and Growth: Is there a Tipping Point? Washington D.C.: IMF Working Paper. GasparVitor JaramilloLaura WingenderPhilippe 2016 Tax Capacity and Growth: Is there a Tipping Point? Washington D.C. IMF Working Paper Search in Google Scholar

Genschel, Philipp, and Thomas Rixen. 2015. “Settling and Unsettling the Transnational Legal Order of International Taxation.“ In Transnational Legal Orders, edited by Terence C. Halliday and Gregory Shaffer, 154–183. New York: Cambridge University Press. GenschelPhilipp RixenThomas 2015 “Settling and Unsettling the Transnational Legal Order of International Taxation.“ In Transnational Legal Orders edited by HallidayTerence C. ShafferGregory 154 183 New York Cambridge University Press Search in Google Scholar

Goldman, Eitan, Jörf Rocholl, and Jongil So. 2013. “Politically Connected Boards of Directors and The Allocation of Procurement Contracts.” Review of Finance 17 (5): 1617–1648. GoldmanEitan RochollJörf SoJongil 2013 “Politically Connected Boards of Directors and The Allocation of Procurement Contracts.” Review of Finance 17 5 1617 1648 Search in Google Scholar

Harju, Jarkko, Ilpo Kauppinen, and Olli Ropponen. 2017. Firm Responses to an Interest Barrier: Empirical Evidence. Helsinki: VATT Institute for Economic Research Working Papers 90. HarjuJarkko KauppinenIlpo RopponenOlli 2017 Firm Responses to an Interest Barrier: Empirical Evidence Helsinki VATT Institute for Economic Research Working Papers 90 Search in Google Scholar

Harju, Jarkko, Ilpo Kauppinen, and Olli Ropponen. 2017. Suomen korkovähennysrajoitus hillitsi monikansallisten yritysten voitonsiirtoa: https://vatt.fi/-/suomen-korkovahennysrajoitus-hillitsi-monikansallisten-yritysten-voitonsiirtoa. Accessed 31 January 2021. HarjuJarkko KauppinenIlpo RopponenOlli 2017 Suomen korkovähennysrajoitus hillitsi monikansallisten yritysten voitonsiirtoa https://vatt.fi/-/suomen-korkovahennysrajoitus-hillitsi-monikansallisten-yritysten-voitonsiirtoa. Accessed 31 January 2021. Search in Google Scholar

Hertel-Fernandez, Alexander, Matto Mildenberger and Leah C. Stokes. 2018. “Legislative Staff and Representation in Congress.” American Political Science Review 113 (1): 1–18. Hertel-FernandezAlexander MildenbergerMatto StokesLeah C. 2018 “Legislative Staff and Representation in Congress.” American Political Science Review 113 1 1 18 Search in Google Scholar

Hirsjärvi, Sinikka, and Hurme, Helena. 2000. Tutkimushaastattelu. Teemahaastattelun teoria ja käytäntö. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. HirsjärviSinikka HurmeHelena 2000 Tutkimushaastattelu. Teemahaastattelun teoria ja käytäntö Helsinki Helsinki University Press Search in Google Scholar

Hirvola, Aino, Salla Mikkonen, Mika Skippari and Paul Tiensuu. 2021. Towards more open lobbying: Current state of lobbying in Finland at central government level. Helsinki: Ministry of Justice publication (2021). HirvolaAino MikkonenSalla SkippariMika TiensuuPaul 2021 Towards more open lobbying: Current state of lobbying in Finland at central government level Helsinki Ministry of Justice publication (2021) Search in Google Scholar

Igan, Deniz, and Prachi Mishra. 2014. “Wall Street, Capitol Hill, and K Street: Political Influence and Financial Regulation.” Journal of Law and Economics 57 (4): 1063–1084. IganDeniz MishraPrachi 2014 “Wall Street, Capitol Hill, and K Street: Political Influence and Financial Regulation.” Journal of Law and Economics 57 4 1063 1084 Search in Google Scholar

IMF. 2019. Corporate Taxation in the Global Economy. International Monetary Fund Policy Paper No. 19/007. IMF 2019 Corporate Taxation in the Global Economy International Monetary Fund Policy Paper No. 19/007. Search in Google Scholar

Kantola, Anu, and Hanna Kuusela. 2019. Huipputuloiset. Tampere: Vastapaino. KantolaAnu KuuselaHanna 2019 Huipputuloiset Tampere Vastapaino Search in Google Scholar

Karlsson, Johannes, and Thorolfur Matthiasson. 2015. “Tax Evasion, Tax Avoidance and The Influence of Special Interest Groups: Taxation in Iceland from 1930 to the Present.” Nordic Tax Journal 2 (2015): 1–17. KarlssonJohannes MatthiassonThorolfur 2015 “Tax Evasion, Tax Avoidance and The Influence of Special Interest Groups: Taxation in Iceland from 1930 to the Present.” Nordic Tax Journal 2 2015 1 17 Search in Google Scholar

Keck, Martgaret E, and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. KeckMartgaret E SikkinkKathryn 1998 Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics Ithaca Cornell University Press Search in Google Scholar

Khwaja, Azim Ijaz, and Amir Mian. 2005. “Do Lenders Favor Politically Connected Firms? Rent Provision in an Emerging Financial Market.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 120 (4): 1371–1411. KhwajaAzim Ijaz MianAmir 2005 “Do Lenders Favor Politically Connected Firms? Rent Provision in an Emerging Financial Market.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 120 4 1371 1411 Search in Google Scholar

Kirchler, Erich, Boris Maciejovsky, and Friedrich Schneider. 2003. “Everyday representations of tax avoidance, tax evasion, and tax flight: Do legal differences matter?” Journal of Economic Psychology 24 (4): 535–553. KirchlerErich MaciejovskyBoris SchneiderFriedrich 2003 “Everyday representations of tax avoidance, tax evasion, and tax flight: Do legal differences matter?” Journal of Economic Psychology 24 4 535 553 Search in Google Scholar

Knuutinen, Reijo. 2014. “Corporate social responsibility, taxation and aggressive tax planning.” Nordic Tax Journal 1 (2014): 36–75. KnuutinenReijo 2014 “Corporate social responsibility, taxation and aggressive tax planning.” Nordic Tax Journal 1 2014 36 75 Search in Google Scholar

Knuutinen, Reijo, and Matleena Pietiläinen. 2015. “Responsible Investment: Taxes and Paradoxes.” Nordic Tax Journal 1 (2017): 135–150. KnuutinenReijo PietiläinenMatleena 2015 “Responsible Investment: Taxes and Paradoxes.” Nordic Tax Journal 1 2017 135 150 Search in Google Scholar

Koiranen, Ilkka, Aki Koivula, Arttu Saarinen, and Pekka Räsänen. 2017. Puolueiden rakenteet ja jäsenistön verkostot. publication. Foundation for Municipal Development research series publication No. (103). KoiranenIlkka KoivulaAki SaarinenArttu RäsänenPekka 2017 Puolueiden rakenteet ja jäsenistön verkostot. publication Foundation for Municipal Development research series publication No. (103). Search in Google Scholar

Korkea-aho, Emilia and Päivi Leino. 2017. “Who owns the information held by EU agencies? Weed killers, commercially sensitive information and transparent and participatory governance.” Common Market Law Review 54 (4): 1059–1092. Korkea-ahoEmilia LeinoPäivi 2017 “Who owns the information held by EU agencies? Weed killers, commercially sensitive information and transparent and participatory governance.” Common Market Law Review 54 4 1059 1092 Search in Google Scholar

Koskenniemi, Martti. 2006. From Apology to Utopia: The Structure of International Legal Argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. KoskenniemiMartti 2006 From Apology to Utopia: The Structure of International Legal Argument Cambridge Cambridge University Press Search in Google Scholar

Kramnaimuang King, Dolruedee, and Jan Hayes. 2017. “The effects of power relationships: knowledge, practice and a new form of regulatory capture.” Journal of Risk Research 21 (3): 1–13. Kramnaimuang KingDolruedee HayesJan 2017 “The effects of power relationships: knowledge, practice and a new form of regulatory capture.” Journal of Risk Research 21 3 1 13 Search in Google Scholar

Levine, Michael E. and Jennifer L. Forrence. 1990. “Regulatory Capture, Public Interest, and the Public Agenda: Toward a Synthesis.” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 6 (1990): 167–198. LevineMichael E. ForrenceJennifer L. 1990 “Regulatory Capture, Public Interest, and the Public Agenda: Toward a Synthesis.” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 6 1990 167 198 Search in Google Scholar

Lumme, Mikko and Ropponen, Olli. 2020. Monikansallisten yritysten voitonsiirto ja yhteisöveropohjan rapautuminen – kokoluokan arviointia kansainvälisen kirjallisuuden valossa. VATT Institute for Economic Research memo 58/2020. LummeMikko RopponenOlli 2020 Monikansallisten yritysten voitonsiirto ja yhteisöveropohjan rapautuminen – kokoluokan arviointia kansainvälisen kirjallisuuden valossa VATT Institute for Economic Research memo 58/2020. Search in Google Scholar

Martinmäki, Lauri. 2011. ”Veronmaksuhalu lopahti.” Keskisuomalainen, November 17, 2011. MartinmäkiLauri 2011 ”Veronmaksuhalu lopahti.” Keskisuomalainen November 17 2011 Search in Google Scholar

Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment. 2021. Legislative proposal to cut electricity distribution prices and profits of distribution companies. https://tem.fi/-/lakiesitys-hillitsee-sahkon-siirtohintoja-ja-leikkaa-jakeluyhtioiden-tuottoja?languageId=en_US. Accessed 8 May 2021. Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment 2021 Legislative proposal to cut electricity distribution prices and profits of distribution companies https://tem.fi/-/lakiesitys-hillitsee-sahkon-siirtohintoja-ja-leikkaa-jakeluyhtioiden-tuottoja?languageId=en_US. Accessed 8 May 2021. Search in Google Scholar

Ministry of Finance. 2011. Korkovähennyksen rajoittaminen etenee. https://vm.fi/artikkeli/-/asset_publisher/korkovahennyksen-rajoittaminen-etenee. Accessed 24 April 2019. Ministry of Finance 2011 Korkovähennyksen rajoittaminen etenee https://vm.fi/artikkeli/-/asset_publisher/korkovahennyksen-rajoittaminen-etenee. Accessed 24 April 2019. Search in Google Scholar

Ministry of Finance. 2013. Elinkeinoverotuksen asiantuntijatyöryhmän muistio. Helsinki: Ministry of Finance publication (16/2013). Ministry of Finance 2013 Elinkeinoverotuksen asiantuntijatyöryhmän muistio Helsinki Ministry of Finance publication (16/2013) Search in Google Scholar

Ministry of Finance. 2017. Report by the working group for the evaluation of the economic impacts of BEPS actions. Helsinki: Ministry of Finance publication (26/2017). Ministry of Finance 2017 Report by the working group for the evaluation of the economic impacts of BEPS actions Helsinki Ministry of Finance publication (26/2017) Search in Google Scholar

Ministry of Finance. 2018. Legislative draft of interest deduction limitation rule government proposal 2019. https://vm.fi/hanke?tunnus=VM169:00/2017. Accessed 31 January 2021. Ministry of Finance 2018 Legislative draft of interest deduction limitation rule government proposal 2019 https://vm.fi/hanke?tunnus=VM169:00/2017. Accessed 31 January 2021. Search in Google Scholar

Murphy, Richard, Petr Janský, and Atul Shah. 2019. “BEPS Policy Failure—The Case of EU Country-By-Country Reporting.” Nordic Tax Journal 1 (2019): 63–86. MurphyRichard JanskýPetr ShahAtul 2019 “BEPS Policy Failure—The Case of EU Country-By-Country Reporting.” Nordic Tax Journal 1 2019 63 86 Search in Google Scholar

Obermaier, Frederik, Bastian Obermayer, Vanessa Wormer, and Wolfgang Jaschensky. 2016. About the Panama Papers. https://panamapapers.sueddeutsche.de/articles/56febff0a1bb8d3c3495adf4/. Accessed 24 April 2019. ObermaierFrederik ObermayerBastian WormerVanessa JaschenskyWolfgang 2016 About the Panama Papers https://panamapapers.sueddeutsche.de/articles/56febff0a1bb8d3c3495adf4/. Accessed 24 April 2019. Search in Google Scholar

OECD. 2011. “OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises.” Paris: OECD Publishing. OECD 2011 “OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises.” Paris OECD Publishing Search in Google Scholar

OECD. 2013. “Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting.” Paris: OECD Publishing. OECD 2013 “Addressing Base Erosion and Profit Shifting.” Paris OECD Publishing Search in Google Scholar

OECD. 2015. “Measuring and Monitoring BEPS, Action 11 - 2015 Final Report.” Paris: OECD Publishing. OECD 2015 “Measuring and Monitoring BEPS, Action 11 - 2015 Final Report.” Paris OECD Publishing Search in Google Scholar

OECD. 2017a. “Preventing Policy Capture. Integrity in Public Policy Making.” Paris: OECD Publishing. OECD 2017a “Preventing Policy Capture. Integrity in Public Policy Making.” Paris OECD Publishing Search in Google Scholar

OECD. 2017b. “Limiting Base Erosion Involving Interest Deductions and Other Financial Payments.” Action 4 – 2016 Update” Paris: OECD Publishing. OECD 2017b “Limiting Base Erosion Involving Interest Deductions and Other Financial Payments.” Action 4 – 2016 Update” Paris OECD Publishing Search in Google Scholar

OECD. 2020a. Corporate Tax Statistics, Second Edition. http://www.oecd.org/tax/tax-policy/corporate-tax-statistics-database.htm. Accessed 17 July 2020. OECD 2020a Corporate Tax Statistics Second Edition http://www.oecd.org/tax/tax-policy/corporate-tax-statistics-database.htm. Accessed 17 July 2020. Search in Google Scholar

OECD. 2020b. “OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Progress Report July 2019 – July 2020.” Action 4 – 2016 Update” Paris: OECD Publishing. OECD 2020b “OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS: Progress Report July 2019 – July 2020.” Action 4 – 2016 Update” Paris OECD Publishing Search in Google Scholar

OECD. 2021a. Base erosion and profit shifting. https://www.oecd.org/tax/beps/. Accessed 8 May 2021. OECD 2021a Base erosion and profit shifting https://www.oecd.org/tax/beps/. Accessed 8 May 2021. Search in Google Scholar

OECD. 2021b. ”Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions in Finland.” Paris: OECD Publishing. OECD 2021b ”Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions in Finland.” Paris OECD Publishing Search in Google Scholar

OECD. 2021c. Action 4 Limitation on Interest Deductions. https://www.oecd.org/tax/beps/beps-actions/action4/. Accessed 8 May 2021. OECD 2021c Action 4 Limitation on Interest Deductions https://www.oecd.org/tax/beps/beps-actions/action4/. Accessed 8 May 2021. Search in Google Scholar

Peltzman, Sam. 1976. “Toward a More General Theory of Regulation.” Journal of Law and Economics 19 (2): 211–240. PeltzmanSam 1976 “Toward a More General Theory of Regulation.” Journal of Law and Economics 19 2 211 240 Search in Google Scholar

Peters, B. Guy. 1991. The Politics of Taxation: A Comparative Perspective. Oxford: Blackwell. PetersB. Guy 1991 The Politics of Taxation: A Comparative Perspective Oxford Blackwell Search in Google Scholar

Pigou, Arthur Cecil. 1932. The Economics of Welfare (fourth edition). London: Macmillan. PigouArthur Cecil 1932 The Economics of Welfare fourth edition London Macmillan Search in Google Scholar

Prime Minister's Office. 2011. Prime Minister Jyrki Katainen's Government's Programme: Avoin, oikeudenmukainen ja rohkea Suomi. Helsinki: Prime Minister's Office. Prime Minister's Office 2011 Prime Minister Jyrki Katainen's Government's Programme: Avoin, oikeudenmukainen ja rohkea Suomi Helsinki Prime Minister's Office Search in Google Scholar

Posner, Richard A. 1974. “Theories of Economic Regulation.” Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science 5 (2): 335–358. PosnerRichard A 1974 “Theories of Economic Regulation.” Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science 5 2 335 358 Search in Google Scholar

Quentin, Clair. 2019. “Acceptable levels of tax risk as a metric of corporate tax responsibility: theory, and a survey of practice.” Nordic Tax Journal 1 (2019): 1–15. QuentinClair 2019 “Acceptable levels of tax risk as a metric of corporate tax responsibility: theory, and a survey of practice.” Nordic Tax Journal 1 2019 1 15 Search in Google Scholar

Raitasuo, Santtu. 2018. ”Ideologinen laintulkinta vero-oikeudessa.” Lakimies 3–4 (2018): 363–386. RaitasuoSanttu 2018 ”Ideologinen laintulkinta vero-oikeudessa.” Lakimies 3–4 2018 363 386 Search in Google Scholar

Raitasuo, Santtu. 2019. ”Verosuunnittelun tiede? Tapaustutkimus akateemisen verotutkimuksen sidonnaisuuksista.” Lakimies 6 (2019): 695–726. RaitasuoSanttu 2019 ”Verosuunnittelun tiede? Tapaustutkimus akateemisen verotutkimuksen sidonnaisuuksista.” Lakimies 6 2019 695 726 Search in Google Scholar

Riihelä, Marja, and Matti Tuomala. 2020. ” Onko kokonaisverotus Suomessa progressiivista?” Talous & Yhteiskunta 2020 (3): 24–30. RiiheläMarja TuomalaMatti 2020 ” Onko kokonaisverotus Suomessa progressiivista?” Talous & Yhteiskunta 2020 3 24 30 Search in Google Scholar

Reisch, Nikki. 2020. “Taxing for Justice: Fiscal Policy, Inequality, and Human Rights.” In Tax Justice and Global Inequality, edited by Krishen Mehta, Esther Shubert and Erika Dayle Siu, 254–277. London: Zed Books. ReischNikki 2020 “Taxing for Justice: Fiscal Policy, Inequality, and Human Rights.” In Tax Justice and Global Inequality edited by MehtaKrishen ShubertEsther SiuErika Dayle 254 277 London Zed Books Search in Google Scholar

Rixen, Thomas. 2016. “Institutional Reform of Global Tax Governance: A Proposal.“ In Global Tax Governance. What's wrong with it and how to fix it, edited by Peter Dietsch and Thomas Rixen, 325–348. Colchester: ECPR Press. RixenThomas 2016 “Institutional Reform of Global Tax Governance: A Proposal.“ In Global Tax Governance. What's wrong with it and how to fix it edited by DietschPeter RixenThomas 325 348 Colchester ECPR Press Search in Google Scholar

Ruf, Martin, and Dirk Schindler. 2015. “Debt Shifting and Thin-Capitalization Rules – German Experience and Alternative Approaches.” Nordic Tax Journal 1 (2015): 17–33. RufMartin SchindlerDirk 2015 “Debt Shifting and Thin-Capitalization Rules – German Experience and Alternative Approaches.” Nordic Tax Journal 1 2015 17 33 Search in Google Scholar

Schreier, Margrit. 2012. Qualitative Content Analysis in Practice. London: Sage Publishing. SchreierMargrit 2012 Qualitative Content Analysis in Practice London Sage Publishing Search in Google Scholar

Seabrooke, Leonard, and Duncan Wigan. 2016. “Powering ideas through expertise: professionals in global tax battles.” Journal of European Public Policy 23(3): 1–18. SeabrookeLeonard WiganDuncan 2016 “Powering ideas through expertise: professionals in global tax battles.” Journal of European Public Policy 23 3 1 18 Search in Google Scholar

Seabrooke, Leonard, and Duncan Wigan. 2017. “The governance of global wealth chains.” Review of International Political Economy 24(1): 1–29. SeabrookeLeonard WiganDuncan 2017 “The governance of global wealth chains.” Review of International Political Economy 24 1 1 29 Search in Google Scholar

Shapiro, Sidney A. 2012. “The Complexity of Regulatory Capture: Diagnosis, Causality and Remediation.” Roger Williams University Law Review 102 (1), 2012: 221–257. ShapiroSidney A 2012 “The Complexity of Regulatory Capture: Diagnosis, Causality and Remediation.” Roger Williams University Law Review 102 1 2012: 221 257 Search in Google Scholar

Sikka, Prem. 2008. “Globalization and its discontents: Accounting firms buy limited liability partnership legislation in Jersey.” Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 21(3): 398–426. SikkaPrem 2008 “Globalization and its discontents: Accounting firms buy limited liability partnership legislation in Jersey.” Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 21 3 398 426 Search in Google Scholar

Stigler, George J. 1971. “The Theory of Economic Regulation.” The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science 2 (1): 3–21. StiglerGeorge J 1971 “The Theory of Economic Regulation.” The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science 2 1 3 21 Search in Google Scholar

Smits, Jan. 2017. “What is Legal Doctrine? On the Aims and Methods of Legal-Dogmatic Research.” In Rethinking Legal Scholarship: A Transatlantic Dialogue, edited by Rob van Gestel, Hand Micklitz and Edward. L. Rubin. New York: Cambridge University Press. SmitsJan 2017 “What is Legal Doctrine? On the Aims and Methods of Legal-Dogmatic Research.” In Rethinking Legal Scholarship: A Transatlantic Dialogue edited by van GestelRob MicklitzHand RubinEdward. L. New York Cambridge University Press Search in Google Scholar

Surrey, Stanley S. 1957. “The Congress and the Tax Lobbyist: How Special Tax Provisions Get Enacted.” Harvard Law Review 70(7): 1145–1182. SurreyStanley S 1957 “The Congress and the Tax Lobbyist: How Special Tax Provisions Get Enacted.” Harvard Law Review 70 7 1145 1182 Search in Google Scholar

Tax Justice Network. 2021a. Corporate Tax Haven Index 2021 Methodology. London: Tax Justice Network publication (March 2021). Tax Justice Network 2021a Corporate Tax Haven Index 2021 Methodology London Tax Justice Network publication (March 2021). Search in Google Scholar

Tax Justice Network. 2021b. Corporate Tax Haven Index – Results. https://cthi.taxjustice.net/en/https://cthi.taxjustice.net/en/. Accessed 8 May 2021. Tax Justice Network 2021b Corporate Tax Haven Index – Results https://cthi.taxjustice.net/en/https://cthi.taxjustice.net/en/. Accessed 8 May 2021. Search in Google Scholar

Tell, Michael. 2017. “Interest Limitation Rules in the Post-BEPS Era.” Intertax 45 (11): 750–763. TellMichael 2017 “Interest Limitation Rules in the Post-BEPS Era.” Intertax 45 11 750 763 Search in Google Scholar

Tørsløv, Thomas, Ludvig Wier, and Gabriel Zucman. 2020. The Missing Profits of Nations. https://missingprofits.world/. Accessed 17 January 2021. TørsløvThomas WierLudvig ZucmanGabriel 2020 The Missing Profits of Nations https://missingprofits.world/. Accessed 17 January 2021. Search in Google Scholar

Vesa, Juho, Anu Kantola, and Anne Skorkjær Binderkrantz. 2018. ”A Stronghold of Routine Corporatism? The Involvement of Interest Groups in Policy Making in Finland.” Scandinavian Political Studies 41(4): 239–262. VesaJuho KantolaAnu BinderkrantzAnne Skorkjær 2018 ”A Stronghold of Routine Corporatism? The Involvement of Interest Groups in Policy Making in Finland.” Scandinavian Political Studies 41 4 239 262 Search in Google Scholar

Vesikansa, Heikki, and Stefan Stellato. 2018. “Filling a Legislative Gap – Application of the Finnish Equity Ratio exemption from interest barrier rule in Private Equity Fund Structures.” Defensor Legis 4 (2018): 547–564. VesikansaHeikki StellatoStefan 2018 “Filling a Legislative Gap – Application of the Finnish Equity Ratio exemption from interest barrier rule in Private Equity Fund Structures.” Defensor Legis 4 2018 547 564 Search in Google Scholar

Viherkenttä, Timo. 2020. ”Näkökohtia epidemian jälkeisen ajan veropolitiikasta.” In Talouspolitiikan strategia koronakriisissä. Helsinki: Finnish Government publication 2020:13. ViherkenttäTimo 2020 ”Näkökohtia epidemian jälkeisen ajan veropolitiikasta.” In Talouspolitiikan strategia koronakriisissä Helsinki Finnish Government publication 2020: 13 Search in Google Scholar

Väisänen, Tanja. 2020. Tasevapautussäännös korkovähennysrajoitusten kaventajana. University of Tampere, Faculty of Management and Business: Master's thesis, September 2020. VäisänenTanja 2020 Tasevapautussäännös korkovähennysrajoitusten kaventajana University of Tampere, Faculty of Management and Business: Master's thesis, September 2020. Search in Google Scholar

Weichenrieder, Alfons J., and Helen Windischbauer. 2008. Thin-Capitalization Rules and Company Responses – Experience from German Legislation. Munich: CESifo Working Paper Series No. 2456. WeichenriederAlfons J. WindischbauerHelen 2008 Thin-Capitalization Rules and Company Responses – Experience from German Legislation Munich CESifo Working Paper Series No. 2456 Search in Google Scholar

Young, Kevin L. 2012. “Transnational regulatory capture? An empirical examination of the transnational lobbying of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.” Review of International Political Economy 19 (4): 663–688. YoungKevin L 2012 “Transnational regulatory capture? An empirical examination of the transnational lobbying of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.” Review of International Political Economy 19 4 663 688 Search in Google Scholar

Ylönen, Matti. 2016. “Back from Oblivion? The Rise and Fall of the Early Initiatives against Corporate Tax Avoidance from the 1960s to the 1980s.” Transnational Corporations Journal 23(3): 33–65. YlönenMatti 2016 “Back from Oblivion? The Rise and Fall of the Early Initiatives against Corporate Tax Avoidance from the 1960s to the 1980s.” Transnational Corporations Journal 23 3 33 65 Search in Google Scholar

Ylönen, Matti, Jussi Jaakkola, Leevi Saari, and Heikki Hiilamo. 2020. “Näyttöperusteisuus ja yritysten verotus: ekonomismin nousu suomalaisen yhteisöveropolitiikan tiedontuotannossa.” Poliittinen Talous 8(1): 27–69. YlönenMatti JaakkolaJussi SaariLeevi HiilamoHeikki 2020 “Näyttöperusteisuus ja yritysten verotus: ekonomismin nousu suomalaisen yhteisöveropolitiikan tiedontuotannossa.” Poliittinen Talous 8 1 27 69 Search in Google Scholar

Interview. 2019. Former special adviser to minister, Ministry of Finance. Helsinki, 6 May 2019. Interview 2019 Former special adviser to minister, Ministry of Finance Helsinki 6 May 2019 Search in Google Scholar

Interview. 2020. Former official responsible for tax legislation drafting, Ministry of Finance. Helsinki, 8 May 2020. Interview 2020 Former official responsible for tax legislation drafting, Ministry of Finance Helsinki 8 May 2020 Search in Google Scholar