<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Functionally graded materials (FGMs) describe composite materials with a gradual change in properties along one or several axes. A major advantage with this approach is the avoidance of discontinuities between different layers of material. 3D Printing offers the possibility to control the material composition and spatial placement along the printing process to create structures with graded properties. However, there are very few examples of the application of this approach to 3D concrete printing (3DCP). This paper presents a review of the current approaches of and methods to grade the material properties of a 3DCP structure, as well as a review of similar methods used in other 3D printing processes. Finally, the potential applicability of these principles into concrete are presented and discussed.</p>
</abstract>

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) describe composite materials with a gradual change in properties along one or several axes. A major advantage with this approach is the avoidance of discontinuities between different layers of material. 3D Printing offers the possibility to control the material composition and spatial placement along the printing process to create structures with graded properties. However, there are very few examples of the application of this approach to 3D concrete printing (3DCP). This paper presents a review of the current approaches of and methods to grade the material properties of a 3DCP structure, as well as a review of similar methods used in other 3D printing processes. Finally, the potential applicability of these principles into concrete are presented and discussed.

Grading Material Properties in 3D Printed Concrete Structures

Dept. of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Div. of Concrete Structures

Nordic Concrete Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

{"article-title":"Grading Material Properties in 3D Printed Concrete Structures"}

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) describe composite materials with a gradual change in properties along one or several axes. A major advantage with this...

Grading Material Properties in 3D Printed Concrete Structures

Published Online: Jul 11, 2022

Page range: 73 - 89

Received: Mar 31, 2022

Accepted: Jun 23, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2022-0004

Keywords
3D concrete printing, additive manufacturing, functionally graded materials, digital fabrication

© 2022 José Hernández Vargas et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Grading Material Properties in 3D Printed Concrete Structures

Published Online: Jul 11, 2022

Page range: 73 - 89

Received: Mar 31, 2022

Accepted: Jun 23, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2022-0004

Keywords3D concrete printing, additive manufacturing, functionally graded materials, digital fabrication

© 2022 José Hernández Vargas et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
3D concrete printing, additive manufacturing, functionally graded materials, digital fabrication