Reactive Power and Energy Instrument’s Performance in Non-Sinusoidal Conditions Regarding Different Power Theories

[1] Directive of European Parliament and of the Council. (2014). EU Directive on Measuring Instruments (MID). 2014/32/EU. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0032 Search in Google Scholar

[2] International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML). (2012). Active electrical energy meters. Part 1: Metrological and technical requirements. Part 2: Metrological controls and performance tests. OIML R 46-1/-2. https://www.oiml.org/en/files/pdf_r/r046-1-2-e12.pdf Search in Google Scholar

[3] Cataliotti, A., Cosentino, V., Lipari, A., Nuccio, S. (2010). On the methodologies for the calibration of static electricity meters in the presence of harmonic distortion. In 17th Symposium IMEKO TC 4, 3^rd Symposium IMEKO TC 19 and 15^th IWADC Workshop Instrumentation for the ICT Era, 4, 8-10. https://www.imeko.org/publications/tc4-2010/IMEKO-TC4-2010-072.pdf Search in Google Scholar

[4] British Standards Institution (BSI). (2018). Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) Part 1: General requirements, tests and test conditions – Metering equipment (class indexes A, B and C). EN 50470-1:2006+A1:2018. Search in Google Scholar

[5] British Standards Institution (BSI). (2018). Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) Part 2: Particular requirements - Electromechanical meters for active energy (class indexes A and B). EN 50470-2:2006+A1:2018. Search in Google Scholar

[6] British Standards Institution (BSI). (2018). Electricity metering equipment (a.c.) Part 3: Particular requirements - Static meters for active energy (class indexes A, B and C). EN 50470-3:2006+A1:2018. Search in Google Scholar

[7] Olencki, A., Mróz, P. (2014). Testing of energy meters under three-phase determined and random nonsinusoidal conditions. Metrology and Measurement Systems, 21 (2), 217-232. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2014-001910.2478/mms-2014-0019 Search in Google Scholar

[8] Masri, S., Khairunaz, M.D., Mamat, M.N. (2019). Study of electronic energy meter performance under harmonics current condition. In 10th International Conference on Robotics, Vision, Signal Processing and Power Applications. Springer, LNEE, 547, 449-456. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6447-1_5710.1007/978-981-13-6447-1_57 Search in Google Scholar

[9] Bartolomei, L., Cavaliere, D., Mingotti, A., Peretto, L., Tinarelli, R. (2020). Testing of electrical energy meters subject to realistic distorted voltages and currents. Energies, 13 (8), 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1308202310.3390/en13082023 Search in Google Scholar

[10] Morva, G., Volokhin, V., Diahovchenko, I., Čonka, Z. (2017). Analysis of the impact of nonlinear distortion in voltage and current curves on the errors of electric energy metering devices. In 2017 IEEE First Ukraine Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (UKRCON). IEEE, 528-533. https://doi.org/10.1109/UKRCON.2017.810029610.1109/UKRCON.2017.8100296 Search in Google Scholar

[11] Bartolomei, L., Cavaliere, D., Mingott, A., Peretto, L., Tinarelli, R. (2019). Testing of electrical energy meters in off-nominal frequency conditions. In 2019 IEEE 10^th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS). IEEE, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/AMPS.2019.889778110.1109/AMPS.2019.8897781 Search in Google Scholar

[12] Ferrero, A., Faifer, M., Salicone, S. (2009). On testing the electronic revenue energy meters. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 58 (9), 3042-3049. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2009.201682110.1109/TIM.2009.2016821 Search in Google Scholar

[13] Raza, S.S., Ahmad, M., Perveiz, M.S. (2014). Performance of energy meters under harmonic generating environment. Science International (Lahore), 26 (5), 2063-2069. Search in Google Scholar

[14] Demerdziev, K., Dimchev, V. (2021). Analysis of errors in active power and energy measurements under random harmonic distortion conditions. Measurement Science Review, 21 (6), 168-179. https://doi.org/10.2478/msr-2021-002310.2478/msr-2021-0023 Search in Google Scholar

[15] Barbaro, P.V., Cataliotti, A., Cosentino, V., Nuccio, S. (2006). Behavior of reactive energy meters in polluted power systems. In XVIII IMEKO World Congress: Metrology for a Sustainable Development. IMEKO, 172 (2). https://www.imeko.org/publications/wc-2006/PWC-2006-TC4-060u.pdf Search in Google Scholar

[16] International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC). (2020). Electricity metering equipment - Particular requirements - Part 23: Static meters for reactive energy (classes 2 and 3). IEC 62053-2:2020. Search in Google Scholar

[17] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). (2010). Definitions for the Measurement of Electric Power Quantities Under Sinusoidal, Nonsinusoidal, Balanced, or Unbalanced Conditions. IEEE Std. 1459: 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.543906310.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5439063 Search in Google Scholar

[18] Berrisford, A.J. (2018). The harmonic impact project-IEEE-1459 power definitions trialed in revenue meters. In 2018 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2018.840954210.1109/I2MTC.2018.8409542 Search in Google Scholar

[19] Zobaa, A.F. (2011). Power Quality: Monitoring, Analysis and Enhancement. Rijeka, Croatia: IntechOpen, ISBN 978-953-307-330-9. Search in Google Scholar

[20] Santoso, S., McGranaghan, M.F., Dugan, R.C., Beaty, H.W. (2012). Electrical Power Systems Quality, 3^rd Edition. McGraw-Hill, ISBN 978-0071761550. Search in Google Scholar

[21] Grady, M. (2006). Understanding power system harmonics. University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA. Search in Google Scholar

[22] Rangelov, Y. (2014). Overview on harmonics in the electrical power system. In International Scientific Symposium: Electrical Power Engineering 2014. Electrical Engineering Faculty, Technical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria, 63-70. ISBN 978-954-20-0497-4. Search in Google Scholar

[23] Calmet, LtD. (2013). 300 three phase power calibrator and power engineering apparatus testing. User’s manual and extended specifications. Search in Google Scholar

[24] Balci, M.E., Hocaoglu, M.H. (2004). Comparison of power definitions for reactive power compensation in nonsinusoidal conditions. In 2004 11th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power. IEEE 519-524. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHQP.2004.140940810.1109/ICHQP.2004.1409408 Search in Google Scholar

[25] International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (2017). General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. ISO/IEC 17025. Search in Google Scholar

[26] Demerdziev, K., Cundeva-Blajer, M., Dimchev, V., Srbinovska, M., Kokolanski, Z. (2018). Improvement of the FEIT laboratory of electrical measurements best CMC through internationally traceable calibrations and inter-laboratory comparisons. In XIV International Conference ETAI. Struga, North Macedonia. Search in Google Scholar

[27] Demerdziev, K., Cundeva-Blajer, M., Dimchev, V., Srbinovska, M., Kokolanski, Z. (2019). Defining an uncertainty budget in electrical power and energy reference standards calibration. In IEEE EUROCON 2019-18th International Conference on Smart Technologies. IEEE, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/EUROCON.2019.886160010.1109/EUROCON.2019.8861600 Search in Google Scholar

[28] Landys+Gyr. (2017). ZMD400AT/CT E650 Series 4. User manual. Search in Google Scholar