Beam description of half span part | Shear strength (kN) | Note |
---|---|---|
Beam part with no stirrups | 67.1 (DB-NS0) | – |
Beam part having stirrups in all span | 82.5 (DB-S-F) | 23% improvement as compared to DB-NS0 |
RC beam part with no stirrups but strengthened using NSM U-wrap CFRP strips | 112 (DB-FRP) | 82% improvement as compared to DB-NS0 |
Material | Parameters | Values | Denotation |
---|---|---|---|
Concrete | Dilation angle ( |
32° | Calibrated value |
Eccentricity ( |
0.1 | ABAQUS (default value) | |
Stress ratio ( |
1.16 | ABAQUS (default value) | |
Shape factor ( |
0.667 | ABAQUS (default value) | |
Sikadur mortar | Dilation angle ( |
40° | Calibrated value |
Eccentricity ( |
0.1 | ABAQUS (default value) | |
Stress ratio ( |
1.16 | ABAQUS (default value) | |
Shape factor ( |
0.667 | ABAQUS (default value) | |
CFRP sheet | Poisson’s ratio ( |
0.3 | Widely used in FE modeling |
Modulus of Elasticity ( |
230000 MPa | Given by the manufacturer | |
Tensile strength (longitudinal: |
1122 MPa | Experimental Value | |
Compressive strength (longitudinal: |
10 MPa | Al-Mekhlafi, et al. [ |
|
Shear strength (longitudinal: |
10 MPa | ||
Transversal tensile strength ( |
10 MPa | ||
Compressive strength (transversal: |
10 MPa | ||
Shear strength (transversal: |
10 MPa |
Material | Weight (kg/m3) |
---|---|
Cement | 650 |
Silica sand | 528 |
Coarse aggregate (Nominal size = 10 mm) | 770 |
Crush sand | 264 |
Water (w/c = 0.25) | 162.5 |
Super-plasticizer(Gli-110) | 3 Liters |
Specimen | Left half span | Right half span | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shear stirrups | Shear strengthening | Shear stirrups | Shear strengthening | |
DB-S-F | 2L-f6@100 | None | 2L-f6@100 | None |
DB-NS0 | 2L-f6@100 | None | None | None |
DB-FRP | 2L-f6@100 | Yes | None | The specimen has two layers of U-wraps of FRP (25 mm wide) spaced at 100 mm intervals, along with a single layer of horizontally bonded FRP strips (50 mm wide) placed at the mid-depth on each face. |
Specimen ID | Exp. flexural strength (kN) | FE flexural strength (kN) | Error % |
---|---|---|---|
DB-S-F | 165 | 172 | 4.07% |
DB-NS0 | 134 | 137 | 2.19% |
DB-FRP | 212 | 218 | 2.75% |
Mechanical Property | Bar diameter | Test Standard | |
---|---|---|---|
10 mm | 6 mm | ||
Yield strength, (MPa) | 525 | 280 | ASTM A370 (2017) |
Ultimate strength, (MPa) | 578 | 380 | |
Modulus of elasticity, (GPa) | 200 | 200 |
Item | Value |
---|---|
CFRP composite | |
Type of FRP | Unidirectional CFRP sheet |
Longitudinal elastic modulus of the primary fibers. (GPa) | 77.3 |
Transverse elastic modulus relative to the primary fiber direction. (MPa) | 40.6 |
Strain at fracture along the primary fiber direction (%) | 1.1 |
Maximum tensile strength along the primary fiber direction (MPa) | 846 |
Thickness of each individual layer, |
1.0 |
Epoxy | |
Density (kg /l) | 1.16 |
Tensile strength of the adhesive (MPa) | > 4.0 (7 days) |
Tensile modulus of elasticity (GPa) | 3.5 (7 days) |
Sikadur_31 Thixotropic epoxy_resin mortar | |
Tensile strength of the adhesive (MPa) | 15 |
Density (kg /l) | 1.65 |
Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) | 4.3 |
Mesh types | Beam elements size | Experimental flexural strength (kN) | FE flexural strength (kN) | Experimental/FE |
---|---|---|---|---|
Type 1 | 25 | 165 | 185 | 89.2% |
Type 2 | 15 | 178 | 92.7% | |
Type 3 | 7 | 172 | 95.6% |