<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>This paper highlights the results of an experimental study on the preparation and characterization of <italic>Luffa cylindrica</italic> fiber (LCF) and groundnut shell particle (GSP) reinforced phenol-formaldehyde (PF) hybrid composites. The amount of LCFs was fixed at 25 wt%, while the amount of groundnut shell particles ranged from 0 to 25 wt%. Observations were made regarding the water absorption and thickness swelling behaviour of prepared hybrid composites. In addition, the mechanical behaviours of hybrid composites have been studied under both dry and wet conditions. In comparison to dry conditions, the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites were lower when they were wet. Hybrid composites comprising 25% <italic>Luffa cylindica</italic> fibre and 15% groundnut shell particle (25LCF/15GSP) exhibit the highest level of mechanical properties under both conditions. The percentages of water absorption and thickness swelling increase as groundnut shell particles increase. The composite 25LCF/25GSP exhibited the highest percentage of water absorption and thickness swelling. Compared to date palm leaf (DPL)-reinforced composites, 25LCF/15GSP showed more significant mechanical and physical properties. We concluded that the inclusion of groundnut shell particles in LCF/PF composites substantially improved the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite. The range of increment, however, was narrower under moist conditions compared to dry conditions.</p>
</abstract>

This paper highlights the results of an experimental study on the preparation and characterization of Luffa cylindrica fiber (LCF) and groundnut shell particle (GSP) reinforced phenol-formaldehyde (PF) hybrid composites. The amount of LCFs was fixed at 25 wt%, while the amount of groundnut shell particles ranged from 0 to 25 wt%. Observations were made regarding the water absorption and thickness swelling behaviour of prepared hybrid composites. In addition, the mechanical behaviours of hybrid composites have been studied under both dry and wet conditions. In comparison to dry conditions, the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites were lower when they were wet. Hybrid composites comprising 25% Luffa cylindica fibre and 15% groundnut shell particle (25LCF/15GSP) exhibit the highest level of mechanical properties under both conditions. The percentages of water absorption and thickness swelling increase as groundnut shell particles increase. The composite 25LCF/25GSP exhibited the highest percentage of water absorption and thickness swelling. Compared to date palm leaf (DPL)-reinforced composites, 25LCF/15GSP showed more significant mechanical and physical properties. We concluded that the inclusion of groundnut shell particles in LCF/PF composites substantially improved the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite. The range of increment, however, was narrower under moist conditions compared to dry conditions.

Water absorption and mechanical behaviour of green fibres and particles acting as reinforced hybrid composite materials

Materials Science-Poland

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

This paper highlights the results of an experimental study on the preparation and characterization of Luffa cylindrica fiber (LCF) and groundnut shell particle...

Properties	Developed green material Ref. 25LCF/15GSP	DPL-reinforced composite [30]
Average tensile strength	Mean of 52 MPA	Ranged between 48 and 62.6 MPa
Tensile modulus	Mean of 1200 MPA	Max 1180 MPA
Flexural strength	Mean of 60 MPa (2 mm/min)	Max 52 MPa (at 5 mm/min loading speed)
Water absorption	Up to 3.3% after 120 H	Up to 5.8%

Water absorption and mechanical behaviour of green fibres and particles acting as reinforced hybrid composite materials

Published Online: Apr 03, 2024

Page range: 132 - 143

Received: Dec 28, 2023

Accepted: Mar 11, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0051

Keywords
Luffa cylindrica fibre, groundnut shell particles, phenol-formaldehyde, water absorption, mechanical properties, date palm leaf

© 2023 Mohamed Kchaou et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

Fig. 11.

Comparison between some mechanical and physical properties of the developed green composite with DPL-reinforced composite

Water absorption and mechanical behaviour of green fibres and particles acting as reinforced hybrid composite materials

Published Online: Apr 03, 2024

Page range: 132 - 143

Received: Dec 28, 2023

Accepted: Mar 11, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0051

KeywordsLuffa cylindrica fibre, groundnut shell particles, phenol-formaldehyde, water absorption, mechanical properties, date palm leaf

© 2023 Mohamed Kchaou et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 10.

Fig. 11.

Comparison between some mechanical and physical properties of the developed green composite with DPL-reinforced composite

Keywords
Luffa cylindrica fibre, groundnut shell particles, phenol-formaldehyde, water absorption, mechanical properties, date palm leaf