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Enhancing pitting corrosion inhibition of AISI 304 stainless steel using a green frankincense-modified ferric chloride solution

Sami Masadeh
Sami Masadeh
, 
Shadi Al khateeb
Shadi Al khateeb
 and 
Almontaser Bellah Ajlouni
Almontaser Bellah Ajlouni
   | Jan 30, 2024
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Published Online: Jan 30, 2024
Page range: 85 - 98
Received: Sep 14, 2023
Accepted: Dec 13, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0037
Keywords
© 2023 Sami Masadeh et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

a) Frankincense olibanum resin, b) the structure of β-boswellic acid, one of the main active components of frankincense [35], and c) incensole acetate [36]
a) Frankincense olibanum resin, b) the structure of β-boswellic acid, one of the main active components of frankincense [35], and c) incensole acetate [36]

Fig. 2.

EN experimental setup
EN experimental setup

Fig. 3.

Current and potential EN noise values recorded for an inhibitor-free solution
Current and potential EN noise values recorded for an inhibitor-free solution

Fig. 4.

Current and potential electrochemical noise values recorded for a-b) 2.5 wt.%, c-d) 5wt. %, e-f) 7.5 wt.%, and g-h) 10 wt.% of frankincense addition, respectively
Current and potential electrochemical noise values recorded for a-b) 2.5 wt.%, c-d) 5wt. %, e-f) 7.5 wt.%, and g-h) 10 wt.% of frankincense addition, respectively

Fig. 5.

The effect of frankincense addition on mean potential noise, mean current noise, and noise resistance (Rn)
The effect of frankincense addition on mean potential noise, mean current noise, and noise resistance (Rn)

Fig. 6.

PSD spectral noise resistance of AISI 304 stainless steel samples for the (a) inhibitor-free, (b) 2.5 wt.% inhibitor, (c) 5 wt.% inhibitor, (d) 7.5 wt.% inhibitor, and (e) 10 wt.% inhibitor
PSD spectral noise resistance of AISI 304 stainless steel samples for the (a) inhibitor-free, (b) 2.5 wt.% inhibitor, (c) 5 wt.% inhibitor, (d) 7.5 wt.% inhibitor, and (e) 10 wt.% inhibitor

Fig. 7.

Optical microscope images for the a) as-received AISI 304 SS and for the AISI 304 SS samples tested in 0.5 M ferric fluoride with b) frankincense-free, c) 2.5 wt.%, d) 5 wt.%, e) 7.5 wt.%, and f) 10 wt.% of frankincense addition
Optical microscope images for the a) as-received AISI 304 SS and for the AISI 304 SS samples tested in 0.5 M ferric fluoride with b) frankincense-free, c) 2.5 wt.%, d) 5 wt.%, e) 7.5 wt.%, and f) 10 wt.% of frankincense addition

Fig. 8.

The effect of frankincense addition on the number of pits mm−2 and the size of pits
The effect of frankincense addition on the number of pits mm−2 and the size of pits

Fig. 9.

Potentiodynamic polarization curves for AISI 304 SS in a) 0.5 M FeCl3 solution and in the solution with different percentages of frankincense addition and b) the change in corrosion current, corrosion potential, and inhibition efficiency with frankincense addition
Potentiodynamic polarization curves for AISI 304 SS in a) 0.5 M FeCl3 solution and in the solution with different percentages of frankincense addition and b) the change in corrosion current, corrosion potential, and inhibition efficiency with frankincense addition

Chemical composition of AISI 304 stainless steel

Element C Cr Ni Mn P Si S Fe
Wt. % 0.07 18.25 8.2 1.8 0.044 0.77 0.032 balance

The values of the Imean and Vmean were calculated from the data recorded in Figures 3 and 4 for AISI 304 SS at different percentages of frankincense addition to ferric chloride solution. The noise resistance (Rn) was calculated from σV and σI according to Equation (1)

% of frankincense addition Imean (A.cm−2) Vmean (V) σI (A.cm−2) σV (V) Rn (Ω.cm2)
0 6.05×10−02 –3.82×10−03 9.70×10−03 5.82×10−05 6.00×10−03
2.5 4.75×10−02 −4.06×10−03 6.79×10−03 5.69×10−05 8.37×10−03
5 3.42×10−02 −4.19×10−03 2.64×10−03 4.72×10−05 1.79×10−02
7.5 1.58×10−02 −4.10×10−03 3.99×10−03 3.12×10−05 7.82×10−03
10 7.90×10−04 1.34×10−02 8.65×10−04 1.80×10−03 2.08

Polarization parameters of 304 SS in 0.5 M FeCl3 with various percentages of frankincense additions

% of frankincense addition Icorr. (A.cm−2) Ecorr. (V) EI (%)
0 7.17×10−04 −0.370 0
2.5 6.12×10−04 −0.324 14.62
5 5.20×10−04 −0.321 15.03
7.5 4.30×10−04 −0.280 17.31
10 4.01×10−04 −0.268 6.70
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