Open Access

Performance studies on hybrid nano-metal matrix composites for wear and surface quality

P.R. Kannan
P.R. Kannan
, 
R Thanigaivelan
R Thanigaivelan
, 
R Thiraviam
R Thiraviam
 and 
K Pradeep Kumar
K Pradeep Kumar
   | Oct 06, 2023
Materials Science-Poland's Cover Image
About this article
Previous Article
Next Article
Cite
Published Online: Oct 06, 2023
Page range: 288 - 300
Received: Jun 09, 2023
Accepted: Aug 04, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0020
Keywords
© 2023 Kannan P.R. et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Mean effect plot
Mean effect plot

Fig. 2.

(a-d) SEM images wear tracks and delamination of top four TOPSIS ranking composites
(a-d) SEM images wear tracks and delamination of top four TOPSIS ranking composites

Fig. 3.

(a-f) FESEM, EDAX and EDS analysis images oftop-rankingcomposite
(a-f) FESEM, EDAX and EDS analysis images oftop-rankingcomposite

Fig. 4.

Relationship between: a) temperature and wear loss and b) temperature and COF for all the specimens
Relationship between: a) temperature and wear loss and b) temperature and COF for all the specimens

Fig. 5.

(a-c) 3D surface profile of the worn-out surface of first three TOPSIS ranked composites
(a-c) 3D surface profile of the worn-out surface of first three TOPSIS ranked composites

Fig. 6.

(a-c) Depth profile of worn-out surface of first three TOPSIS ranked composites
(a-c) Depth profile of worn-out surface of first three TOPSIS ranked composites

Control factors and their levels

Factors Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Compositeidentification(Alumina wt.%) E8 (C1)(1%: Nano Al2O3 + 5.5%:Micro Al2O3) E9 (C2)(2%: Nano Al2O3 +7%:Micro Al2O3) E2 (C3)(2%: Nano Al2O3 + 5.5%:Micro Al2O3)
Sliding load (N) 20 40 60
Sliding velocity (m/s) 1 2 3
Temperature (C) 30 150 300

Details of wear studies

Parameters Details
Wear test standard ASTM-G99
Pin material Hybrid AMMC (SAAW with nano and micro Al2O3)Size: diameter: 10 mm, length: 30 mm
Disc material Hard bearing steel EN31 Size: Dia: 100, Thickness: 8 mm; Initial roughness, Ra:0.20–0.25 μm
Load applied 20, 40, & 60 N
Sliding velocity 1-3 m/s
Test Duration 1500 s
Sliding distance 50-120mm
Temperature 30, 150 & 300°C
Sliding condition Dry

L9 OA

Exp. Numbers Parameters
Composite identification Reinforcement (wt.%) Sliding load (N) Sliding velocity (m/s) Temperature (°C)
1 C1 1%: Nano Al2O3 5.5%: Micro Al2O3 20 1 30
2 C1 40 2 150
3 C1 60 3 300
4 C2 2%: Nano Al2O3 7%: Micro Al2O3 20 2 300
5 C2 40 3 30
6 C2 60 1 150
7 C3 2%: Nano Al2O3 5.5%: Micro Al2O3 20 3 150
8 C3 40 1 30
9 C3 60 2 300

TOPSIS ranking

Si + Si − Pi (Pref.value) TOPSIS Ranking
0.0603 0.1975 0.6490 4
0.0748 0.1383 0.6251 5
0.1295 0.0857 0.3982 8
0.0867 0.1445 0.8052 1
0.1281 0.0871 0.4047 7
0.1995 0.0405 0.1687 9
0.0443 0.1829 0.7661 2
0.0654 0.1820 0.7358 3
0.3377 0.3590 0.5153 6

Test results of output performance

Expt No Composite identification COF Wear (gms) Surface roughness Ra (μm) STDEV of COF STDEV of Wear (gms)
1 C1 0.424 0.02063 0.910 0.0071 0.0003
2 C1 0.51 0.02197 1.852 0.0141 0.0007
3 C1 0.586 0.03795 3.279 0.0184 0.0014
4 C2 0.382 0.00402 0.322 0.0141 0.0007
5 C2 0.409 0.02665 2.944 0.0049 0.0017
6 C2 0.562 0.02274 4.863 0.0141 0.0007
7 C3 0.509 0.00804 0.405 0.0064 0.0007
8 C3 0.408 0.0174 0.604 0.0071 0.0000
9 C3 0.697 0.65243 2.098 0.0028 0.0356

ANOVA table

Symbol Factors df SS MS F % contribution
A Reinforcement (wt. %) 2 0.0681 0.0341 0.1065 19.4063
B Sliding load (N) 2 0.2188 0.1094 0.3421 62.3338
C Sliding velocity (m/s) 2 0.0329 0.0164 0.0514 9.3644
D Temperature (deg.C) 2 0.0312 0.0156 0.0488 8.8955
E Error 1 0.3198 0.3198 0.0000
Total 9 0.6708 0.0745 100

Normalised values of output performance

Normalized data Positive Matrix Negative Matrix
0.2781 0.0315 0.0635 0.1524 0.0020 0.0212 0.0835 0.0020 0.2182
0.3346 0.0335 0.2493 0.1524 0.0020 0.0212 0.0835 0.0020 0.2182
0.3844 0.0579 0.4414 0.1524 0.0020 0.0212 0.0835 0.0020 0.2182
0.2506 0.0061 0.2212 0.1524 0.0020 0.0212 0.0835 0.0020 0.2182
0.2683 0.0407 0.3963 0.1524 0.0020 0.0212 0.0835 0.0020 0.2182
0.3687 0.0347 0.6547 0.1524 0.0020 0.0212 0.0835 0.0020 0.2182
0.3339 0.0123 0.1123 0.1524 0.0020 0.0212 0.0835 0.0020 0.2182
0.2677 0.0265 0.1092 0.1524 0.0020 0.0212 0.0835 0.0020 0.2182
0.4572 0.9954 0.2824 0.1524 0.0020 0.0212 0.0835 0.0020 0.2182
eISSN:
2083-134X
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
4 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Materials Sciences, other, Nanomaterials, Functional and Smart Materials, Materials Characterization and Properties
Journal RSS Feed