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Regulation of N-type In2O3 Content on the Conductivity Type of Co3O4 Based Acetone Sensor

Lijuan Fu
Lijuan Fu
, 
Shuxing Fan
Shuxing Fan
, 
Zhao Wang
Zhao Wang
 and 
Wei Tang
Wei Tang
   | Sep 19, 2023
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Published Online: Sep 19, 2023
Page range: 202 - 213
Received: Jan 19, 2023
Accepted: Jun 15, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0014
Keywords
© 2023 Lijuan Fu et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

A schematic diagram of the whole experimental process
A schematic diagram of the whole experimental process

Fig. 2.

XRD patterns of In2O3, In2O3/Co3O4-4, In2O3/Co3O4-3, In2O3/Co3O4-2, In2O3/Co3O4-1 and Co3O4 NFs
XRD patterns of In2O3, In2O3/Co3O4-4, In2O3/Co3O4-3, In2O3/Co3O4-2, In2O3/Co3O4-1 and Co3O4 NFs

Fig. 3.

SEM images of In2O3 NFs, Co3O4 NFs, In2O3/Co3O4-1, In2O3/Co3O4-2, In2O3/Co3O4-3 and In2O3/Co3O4-4 :(a-f) before calcination, and (g-l) after calcination
SEM images of In2O3 NFs, Co3O4 NFs, In2O3/Co3O4-1, In2O3/Co3O4-2, In2O3/Co3O4-3 and In2O3/Co3O4-4 :(a-f) before calcination, and (g-l) after calcination

Fig. 4.

TEM images of (a-b) In2O3/Co3O4-3 nanofibers and (c) HRTEM of In2O3/Co3O4-3
TEM images of (a-b) In2O3/Co3O4-3 nanofibers and (c) HRTEM of In2O3/Co3O4-3

Fig. 5.

The elemental composition chart of (a) In2O3/Co3O4 NFs, (b) Au element, (c) Co element, (d) In element, (e) O element, and (f) EDS of In2O3/Co3O4-3
The elemental composition chart of (a) In2O3/Co3O4 NFs, (b) Au element, (c) Co element, (d) In element, (e) O element, and (f) EDS of In2O3/Co3O4-3

Fig. 6.

The schematic diagram of the calcination process model
The schematic diagram of the calcination process model

Fig. 7.

Response of Co3O4, In2O3, In2O3/Co3O4-1, In2O3/Co3O4-2, In2O3/Co3O4-3 and In2O3/Co3O4-4 sensors to 40 ppm acetone at different operating temperatures
Response of Co3O4, In2O3, In2O3/Co3O4-1, In2O3/Co3O4-2, In2O3/Co3O4-3 and In2O3/Co3O4-4 sensors to 40 ppm acetone at different operating temperatures

Fig. 8.

Transient curves of the gas sensors based on the Co3O4, In2O3, In2O3/Co3O4-1, In2O3/Co3O4-2, In2O3/Co3O4-3, and In2G3/Co3G4-4 to different acetone concentrations at 200°C
Transient curves of the gas sensors based on the Co3O4, In2O3, In2O3/Co3O4-1, In2O3/Co3O4-2, In2O3/Co3O4-3, and In2G3/Co3G4-4 to different acetone concentrations at 200°C

Fig. 9.

Selectivity of Co3O4, In2O3, In2O3/Co3O4-1, In2O3/Co3O4-2, In2O3/Co3O4-3, and In2O3/Co3O4-4 sensors
Selectivity of Co3O4, In2O3, In2O3/Co3O4-1, In2O3/Co3O4-2, In2O3/Co3O4-3, and In2O3/Co3O4-4 sensors

Fig. 10.

(a) Response and recovery curve of In2O3/Co3O4-3 to 0.7 ppm acetone at 200°C; (b) Long term stability of In2O3/Co3O4-3 toward 10 ppm acetone over a period of 5 months at an operating temperature of 200°C
(a) Response and recovery curve of In2O3/Co3O4-3 to 0.7 ppm acetone at 200°C; (b) Long term stability of In2O3/Co3O4-3 toward 10 ppm acetone over a period of 5 months at an operating temperature of 200°C

Fig. 11.

Sensing mechanism of In2O3/Co3O4 (a) in air and (b) in VOCs, and (c) energy band diagram of Co3O4/Co3O4, Co3O4/In2O3 and In2O3/In2O3 grains
Sensing mechanism of In2O3/Co3O4 (a) in air and (b) in VOCs, and (c) energy band diagram of Co3O4/Co3O4, Co3O4/In2O3 and In2O3/In2O3 grains

Comparative analysis of sensor performance and preparation processes based on In2O3 sensing materials

Sensor materials Fabrication method Operating temperature (°C) Response/ppm References
SnO2/In2O3 Thermal evaporation 300 1.05/100 [29]
In2O3 microsphere Solvothermal method 250 36/20 [30]
In2O3 facile solution route 260 8.60/100 [31]
Bi2O3/ In2O3 one-step process 200 17.7/200 [32]
Co3O4 electrospinning 200 1.71/40 This work
In2O3 electrospinning 200 7/40 This work
In2O3/Co3O4-3 Double-jet electrospinning 200 9.5/40 This work
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