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Technology for improving modern polymer composite materials

Shilin Yang
Shilin Yang
, 
Andrii Bieliatynskyi
Andrii Bieliatynskyi
, 
Viacheslav Trachevskyi
Viacheslav Trachevskyi
, 
Meiyu Shao
Meiyu Shao
 and 
Mingyang Ta
Mingyang Ta
   | Dec 31, 2022
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Published Online: Dec 31, 2022
Page range: 27 - 41
Received: Jun 28, 2022
Accepted: Oct 28, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2022-0027
Keywords
© 2022 Shilin Yang et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

Standard CNTs. CNTs, carbon nanotubes
Standard CNTs. CNTs, carbon nanotubes

Fig. 2

Agglomerates of ML CNTs obtained by the CCVD method. ML CNTs, multilayer carbon nanotubes
Agglomerates of ML CNTs obtained by the CCVD method. ML CNTs, multilayer carbon nanotubes

Fig. 3

Comparison of particle sizes determined by laser scanning and the method of statistical processing of microphotographs (— laser scanning, -•-•- microphotographs statistics): (A) starting catalyst particles and (B) ML CNT agglomerates. ML CNT, multilayer carbon nanotube
Comparison of particle sizes determined by laser scanning and the method of statistical processing of microphotographs (— laser scanning, -•-•- microphotographs statistics): (A) starting catalyst particles and (B) ML CNT agglomerates. ML CNT, multilayer carbon nanotube

Fig. 4

Scheme for obtaining composite polymers filled with CNTs. CNTs, carbon nanotubes; ML CNTs, multilayer carbon nanotubes
Scheme for obtaining composite polymers filled with CNTs. CNTs, carbon nanotubes; ML CNTs, multilayer carbon nanotubes

Fig. 5

Dependence of the elongation at break of the butadiene–nitrile composite on the MWCNT content
Dependence of the elongation at break of the butadiene–nitrile composite on the MWCNT content

Physical and mechanical characteristics of bitumen (original and modified)

Bitumen 90/130 with additive, wt.% Temperature, °C Plasticity interval, Pa Needle penetration depth at 25°C/0°C, 0.1 mm Stretch at 25°C/0°C, cm Elasticity at 25°C, % Surface grip
Fragility to Fraasu Softening according to KiSh
0 −21 44 65 124/29 57/5.6 5 Fair
2 −25 47 72 126/32 78/18 27 Good
3 −31 48 79 128/35 86/28 46 Excellent
4 −37 52 89 130/42 ?100/34 57 Excellent
8 −24 54 78 162/83 77/33 28 Fair

Properties of CNT made of fly ash

Indicator Physical and mechanical properties of fiber of fly ash
Average fiber diameter, μm 1–15.0
Non-fibrous additives, % 2–3
Density, g/cm3 2.65
Temperature, °C −269 to +700
Water resistance, % 99.6
Chemical resistance, % 93.4 77.3 98.5
0.5H NaOH
2H NaOH
2H H2SO4
Hygroscopicity, % ≤ 1.0
Mechanical strength, MPa 4,100
Modulus of elasticity, MPa 120
Elongation at break, % 3.1

Composition of rubber and CNT

Sample NR, g BR9000, g CNT, % (by weight of rubber) CNT, g N220, g
S-0 1,330 224 0 0 666.4
S-1* 1,330 224 0.65 9.7 656.7
S-2** 1,330 224 0.65 9.7 656.7
S-3 1,330 224 2.5 38.8 627.6
S-4 1,330 224 1.25 19.4 647
S-5 1,330 224 0.65 9.7 656.7
S-6 1,330 224 0.325 4.8 661.6
S-8 1,330 224 0.16 2.4 664
S-9*** 1,330 224 0.65 9.7 656.7
S-7 1,330 224 20 310.8 0

Classification of modifying additives for bitumen

Modifying additive Plasticizing Structuring Adhesive Temperature improvers
Polyimproved compounds LM +
PV + +
LMWP + +
BSC + +
DST + +
PVB + +
PPR +
R + HPT + + +
LMWAA-A + + +
LMWAA-B + + +
Surfactants DEG + + +
TEG + + +
MEA + +
DEA + + +
BSU + +
Additive adhesive BP-3M + +
ORSK-superplasticizer +

Results of the study on aging and wear resistance

Samples S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S8 S9
Vulcanization 150°C×30′
Hardness A, rel.un. 61 63 65 62 63 62 65 65 61
Boundary tensile strength, MPa 19.7 23.4 22.4 20.5 24.2 23.6 23.6 24.4 22.6
Relative elongation at break, % 486 483 478 486 501 491 514 476 505
100°C*168 h Aging
Hardness A, rel.un. 62 65 68 64 67 62 67 64 65
Boundary tensile strength, MPa 12.4 14.2 14.2 12.3 15.9 14.6 16.7 16.4 13.7
Relative elongation at break, % 349 314 295 326 332 338 357 326 339
Wear resistance, J/mm3 98 102 100 94 92 103 100 93 105

Sample test results

MWCNT, wt.% Breaking strength, MPa Elongation at break, % Compressive strength, MPa Shore hardness, c.od.
0 19.7 486 12 61
0.16 24.4 476 9 65
0.325 23.6 514 7.4 65
0.65 23.6 491 8.1 62
1.25 24.2 501 7.5 63
2.5 20.5 486 9.1 62

Measured data of the experimental results

Sample Hardness, A, relative units Boundary tensile strength, MPa Relative elongation at break, % Break, %
S0 61 21.8 19.7 539 486 12.863 12.043
18.3 479 10.534
19.7 483 12.043
20.2 504 13.337
19.3 486 10.416
S1 63 24.6 23.4 470 483 6.983 8.384
23.4 490 8.384
23.6 483 11.762
22.9 494 9.653
22.7 448 6.867
S2 65 22.3 22.3 449 478 7.286 9.53
22.4 487 10.289
23.1 492 10.079
22.4 478 8.686
22.3 429 9.53
S3 62 22 20.5 485 486 9.089 9.089
21.1 478 6.74
20.5 486 9.576
19.9 499 11.099
19.7 494 8.991
S4 63 23.4 24.2 471 501 9.399 7.52
24.5 502 6.896
24.6 519 7.52
22.8 465 7.832
24.2 501 6.283
S5 62 24.5 23.6 503 491 \ 8.1
22.7 470 8.693
24 511 8.259
23.1 480 7.541
23.6 491 7.899
S6 65 24.9 23.6 514 514 7.426 7.426
24.4 520 8.298
23.6 476 7.612
23.7 538 6.513
23.7 507 7.393
S8 65 24.5 24.4 487 476 9.484 8.997
24.8 493 6.696
24.4 446 8.997
24.2 476 6.521
23.8 452 10.213
S9 66 24.1 22.6 556 505 8.615 11.319
22.6 489 13.937
21.9 462 11.319
22.4 519 11.497
22.8 505 11.274
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