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Influence of zinc substitution on structural, elastic, magnetic and optical properties of cobalt chromium ferrites

Talat Zeeshan
Talat Zeeshan
, 
Safia Anjum
Safia Anjum
, 
Salma Waseem
Salma Waseem
, 
Farzana Majid
Farzana Majid
, 
Muhammad Danish Ali
Muhammad Danish Ali
 and 
Ammara Aslam
Ammara Aslam
   | Jul 16, 2021
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Published Online: Jul 16, 2021
Page range: 139 - 151
Received: Apr 15, 2021
Accepted: Apr 16, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2021-0008
Keywords
© 2021 Talat Zeeshan et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

(A) X-Ray diffraction pattern of ZnxCo1−xCr0.5Fe1.5O4. (B) X-Ray diffraction patterns of Co1−xZnxCr0.5Fe1.5O4.
(A) X-Ray diffraction pattern of ZnxCo1−xCr0.5Fe1.5O4. (B) X-Ray diffraction patterns of Co1−xZnxCr0.5Fe1.5O4.

Fig. 2

Variation of lattice parameter and X-ray density with zinc contents.
Variation of lattice parameter and X-ray density with zinc contents.

Fig. 3

FTIR spectra of Co1−xZnxCr0.5Fe1.5O4.
FTIR spectra of Co1−xZnxCr0.5Fe1.5O4.

Fig. 4

(A, B) Variation of force constant and hopping length.
(A, B) Variation of force constant and hopping length.

Fig. 5

Variation of stiffness constants with zinc contents of Co1−xZnxCr0.5Fe1.5O4.
Variation of stiffness constants with zinc contents of Co1−xZnxCr0.5Fe1.5O4.

Fig. 6

Variation of elastic moduli with dopant concentration.
Variation of elastic moduli with dopant concentration.

Fig. 7

Scanning electron microscopy at the resolution of 5 μm.
Scanning electron microscopy at the resolution of 5 μm.

Fig. 8

Hysteresis loops of ZnxCo1−xCr0.5Fe1.5O4.
Hysteresis loops of ZnxCo1−xCr0.5Fe1.5O4.

Fig. 9

Observed and calculated magnetic moment per formula unit.
Observed and calculated magnetic moment per formula unit.

Fig. 10

Absorbance spectra of Co1−xZnxCr0.5Fe1.5O4 as a function of Zn contents.
Absorbance spectra of Co1−xZnxCr0.5Fe1.5O4 as a function of Zn contents.

Fig. 11

UV-Visible spectroscopy for Co1−xZnxCr0.5Fe1.5O4.
UV-Visible spectroscopy for Co1−xZnxCr0.5Fe1.5O4.

Fig. 12

Variation of crystallite size with optical band gap energy.
Variation of crystallite size with optical band gap energy.

Different parameters obtained from XRD diffractograms.

Zinc contents (x) Lattice parameter (Å) Crystallite size (nm) Particle size (nm) Bulk density d(g/cm3) X-Ray density r(gm/cm3) Energy Band gap (eV)
0 8.3523 68.11 400 2.02 1.45 2.49
0.2 8.3523 67.07 380 2.23 1.68 2.64
0.4 8.3532 61.40 295 2.32 1.78 2.66
0.6 8.3544 56.62 230 2.36 1.89 2.67
0.8 8.3559 58.92 190 2.37 1.78 2.66
1.0 8.3578 56.62 175 2. 2.09 2.68

Inter atomic distance between the cations “Me–Me” and cations and anions “Me–O”.

x 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
b 3.6166 2.9530 2.9533 2.9537 2.9541 2.9549
c 3.4626 3.4627 3.4630 3.4635 3.4644 3.4649
d 3.6165 3.6167 3.6170 3.6175 3.6182 3.6190
e 5.4249 5.4252 5.4255 5.4263 5.4273 5.4285
f 5.1147 5.1148 5.1152 5.1160 5.1169 5.1180
p 1.0440 1.0441 1.0442 1.0443 1.0444 1.0447
q 3.6165 3.6166 3.6169 3.6174 3.6181 3.6189
r 3.4578 3.4579 3.4583 3.4587 3.4593 3.4601
s 4.2039 4.2040 4.2044 4.2050 4.2067 4.2071

Magnetization data for ZnxCo1−xCr0.5Fe2O4.

Zn contents (x) MS (emu/g) Mr (emu/g) × 10−2 Mr/Ms × 10−2 μB (obs) bohr magneton × 10−2 μB (cal) bohr magneton Coercivity kOe
0 4.366 3.88 0.88 3.056 3.0 102.30
0.2 3.370 3.80 1.12 2.461 2.7 37.27
0.4 1.464 2.57 1.75 1.114 2.0 2.781
0.6 0.4317 2.24 5.19 0.342 1.3 0.821
0.8 0.4249 0.493 1.16 0.349 0.6 0.404
1.0 0.2930 0.387 1.32 0.250 0.5 0.412

Stiffness constant bulk modulus, young's modulus and rigidity modulus of Co1−xZnxCr0.5Fe1.5O4.

x Stiffness constant Young's modulus (E) Rigidity modulus (G) Bulk modulus (K)
C11 C12
0 1.840 0.881 5.11 3.10 3.46
0.2 1.846 0.884 5.14 3.11 2.29
0.4 1.792 0.852 4.86 2.94 2.08
0.6 1.723 0.825 4.48 2.91 2.14
0.8 1.722 0.825 4.47 2.71 1.88
1.0 1.721 0.824 4.42 2.68 1.84

Structural parameters obtained from Eqs (7)–(14).

Zinc Mean radii ionic (nm) USystem (nm) Bond length (nm) Packing factor
X rA rB RA RB PA PB
0 3.6165 0.3828 0.482 3.723 1,932 0.990 4.467
0.2 3.6166 0.3842 0.429 3.873 1.959 1.032 4.738
0.4 3.6169 0.3842 0.418 3.989 1.975 1.064 4.780
0.6 3.6174 0.3843 0.401 4.234 2.163 1.132 5.273
0.8 3.6181 0.3843 0.393 4.392 2.195 1.176 5.3535
1.0 3.6189 0.3844 0.331 4.751 2.229 1.275 5.473

FTIR analysis of Co1-xZnxCr0.5Fe2O4.

Zn (x) ν2 (cm−1) ν1 (cm−1) K1 (N/m) K2 (N/m) LA (Å) LB (Å)
0 487 612 16.12 14.62 3.7905 3.0950
0.2 487 612 16.10 14.74 3.7909 3.0948
0.4 483 604 15.73 14.21 3.7968 3.0997
0.6 475 600 15.56 13.44 3.7977 3.1004
0.8 471 597 15.49 13.32 3.7982 3.1009
1.0 455 608 15.70 13.10 3.7994 3.1018

Estimated cationic distribution from XRD.

X Tetrahedral site Octahedral site
0.0 Co0.25Fe0.75 Co0.75Cr0.5Fe0.75
0.2 Co0.2Zn0.05Fe0.75 Co0.6Zn0.15Cr0.5Fe0.75
0.4 Co0.15Zn0.04Cr0.05Fe0.76 Co0.45Zn0.36Cr0.45Fe0.74
0.6 Co0.14Zn0.03Cr0.06Fe0.77 Co0.26Zn0.57Cr0.44Fe0.73
0.8 Co0.13Zn0.02Cr0.07Fe0.78 Co0.07Zn0.78Cr0.43Fe0.72
1.0 Zn0.01Cr0.08Fe0.0.91 Zn0.99Cr0.42Fe0.59
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