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Dynamics of hydrological droughts propagation in mountainous catchments

Malwina Kozek
Malwina Kozek
 and 
Edmund Tomaszewski
Edmund Tomaszewski
   | Apr 29, 2022
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Published Online: Apr 29, 2022
Page range: 111 - 124
Received: Sep 20, 2020
Accepted: Feb 09, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0002
Keywords
© 2022 Malwina Kozek et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

The Dunajec river catchment to Nowy Sącz water-gauge station. Numbering of sub-catchments as in Tab. 1Source: own elaboration
The Dunajec river catchment to Nowy Sącz water-gauge station. Numbering of sub-catchments as in Tab. 1Source: own elaboration

Figure 2

(a) Basic parameters of low-flows using the example of episodes from 1994–1995 on the Dunajec river (Nowy Targ-Kowaniec water-gauging station); and (b) a graphical illustration of the estimation of Relative Drought Streamflow Deficit (RSD). Tn – low-flow duration, Vn – drought streamflow deficit volume of the low-flow event [m3], Vmax – maximum possible streamflow deficit volume during the low-flow event, i.e. when the discharge value equals 0 [m3], Q70% – flow corresponding to the seventieth percentile of the flow duration curveSource: own elaboration and Tomaszewski 2012 (changed)
(a) Basic parameters of low-flows using the example of episodes from 1994–1995 on the Dunajec river (Nowy Targ-Kowaniec water-gauging station); and (b) a graphical illustration of the estimation of Relative Drought Streamflow Deficit (RSD). Tn – low-flow duration, Vn – drought streamflow deficit volume of the low-flow event [m3], Vmax – maximum possible streamflow deficit volume during the low-flow event, i.e. when the discharge value equals 0 [m3], Q70% – flow corresponding to the seventieth percentile of the flow duration curveSource: own elaboration and Tomaszewski 2012 (changed)

Figure 3

An example of hydrological drought identification in the Dunajec river catchment in 2008. Numbering of sub-catchments as in Tab. 1Source: own elaboration
An example of hydrological drought identification in the Dunajec river catchment in 2008. Numbering of sub-catchments as in Tab. 1Source: own elaboration

Figure 4

The curve of hydrological drought concentration (example of drought from 23.08 – 31.10.2018)Source: own elaboration
The curve of hydrological drought concentration (example of drought from 23.08 – 31.10.2018)Source: own elaboration

Figure 5

Multiannual course of hydrological drought characteristics in the upper Dunajec river catchment. DSI – Drought Severity Index, DRI – Drought Range Index, DDPC – Drought Development Pace Coefficient, DCI – Drought Concentration Index, DCnI – Drought Continuation Index. Numbering of droughts as in Tab. 2Source: own elaboration
Multiannual course of hydrological drought characteristics in the upper Dunajec river catchment. DSI – Drought Severity Index, DRI – Drought Range Index, DDPC – Drought Development Pace Coefficient, DCI – Drought Concentration Index, DCnI – Drought Continuation Index. Numbering of droughts as in Tab. 2Source: own elaboration

Figure 6

Spatial range of selected hydrological droughts in the upper Dunajec river catchment. DRI – Drought Range Index, DSI – Drought Severity Index, Dt – Drought Duration
Spatial range of selected hydrological droughts in the upper Dunajec river catchment. DRI – Drought Range Index, DSI – Drought Severity Index, Dt – Drought Duration

Figure 7

(a) Dendrogram of the similarity between hydrological droughts; and (b) the course of the GWZ index for the identification of the optimal number of classes. M – location of the stopping criterion according to Mojena's ruleSource: own elaboration
(a) Dendrogram of the similarity between hydrological droughts; and (b) the course of the GWZ index for the identification of the optimal number of classes. M – location of the stopping criterion according to Mojena's ruleSource: own elaboration

Figure 8

(a) Average values and standard deviations of selected drought parameters characterizing individual types of hydrological drought; and (b) their distribution according to the identified types of drought in the upper Dunajec river catchmentSource: own elaboration
(a) Average values and standard deviations of selected drought parameters characterizing individual types of hydrological drought; and (b) their distribution according to the identified types of drought in the upper Dunajec river catchmentSource: own elaboration

Characteristics of hydrological droughts in the upper Dunajec river catchment (1989–2018)

No. Period Dt [days] DSI [%] DRI [%] DCI DDPC [%] cv(DDPC) DCnI [%]
1 01.11.1988–21.03.1989 141 32.88 96.79 0.48 13.44 1.02 58.19
2 14.10.1989–04.04.1990 173 22.68 91.17 0.64 41.41 0.32 37.33
3 05.06.1990–02.09.1990 90 17.32 94.55 0.67 72.94 0.30 32.87
4 15.12.1990–17.05.1991 154 26.63 96.79 0.59 30.66 0.57 44.50
5 08.06.1991–01.08.1991 55 15.18 13.16 0.76 52.12 0.39 11.77
6 27.11.1991–25.03.1992 120 24.63 93.93 0.49 45.09 0.46 45.92
7 06.06.1992–17.10.1992 134 25.88 96.79 0.59 63.94 0.13 44.27
8 11.12.1992–26.03.1994 471 23.29 90.84 0.34 65.11 0.41 45.14
9 27.06.1994–20.04.1995 298 23.40 96.79 0.54 50.28 0.52 45.18
10 23.07.1995–22.04.1996 275 27.87 100.00 0.43 63.49 0.37 62.80
11 10.11.1996–29.04.1997 171 15.70 100.00 0.47 41.96 0.35 59.18
12 17.09.1997–15.11.1997 60 27.60 100.00 0.59 73.57 0.12 12.25
13 30.07.1998–28.09.1998 61 9.95 97.75 0.37 63.39 0.32 52.79
14 19.11.1998–01.04.1999 134 27.00 95.79 0.37 41.09 0.51 55.71
15 31.07.1999–29.03.2000 243 24.32 98.18 0.59 57.40 0.40 37.80
16 19.08.2000–17.03.2001 212 24.04 100.00 0.41 69.86 0.22 61.82
17 06.10.2001–19.03.2002 165 24.48 100.00 0.55 48.09 0.42 52.39
18 19.04.2002–26.05.2002 38 8.81 24.05 0.43 52.63 0.57 11.32
19 07.12.2002–18.04.2003 133 34.06 100.00 0.40 58.05 0.15 63.61
20 31.05.2003–17.03.2004 292 26.80 100.00 0.39 63.36 0.28 65.62
21 22.08.2004–04.04.2005 227 17.63 100.00 0.52 67.67 0.32 47.16
22 02.09.2005–02.04.2006 213 26.21 100.00 0.31 61.83 0.33 79.48
23 11.07.2006–04.09.2007 421 22.26 100.00 0.71 40.94 0.67 34.81
24 14.12.2007–10.04.2008 119 20.97 86.62 0.55 38.18 0.60 26.43
25 12.05.2008–20.09.2008 132 15.33 92.18 0.73 49.38 0.55 24.73
26 19.10.2008–28.03.2009 161 15.28 98.18 0.55 39.07 0.62 36.86
27 08.09.2009–22.10.2009 45 15.11 86.61 0.45 56.35 0.21 35.78
28 03.01.2010–22.03.2010 79 13.99 98.83 0.43 63.56 0.35 47.66
29 15.10.2010–06.04.2011 174 17.46 92.68 0.52 66.26 0.43 26.81
30 29.08.2011–05.04.2012 220 31.05 100.00 0.37 64.66 0.29 72.39
31 29.06.2012–13.04.2013 289 25.64 100.00 0.47 43.67 0.40 55.40
32 23.07.2013–07.04.2014 259 17.61 100.00 0.63 35.81 0.68 33.28
33 03.11.2014–27.03.2015 145 19.50 88.65 0.59 48.55 0.45 29.48
34 23.06.2015–16.11.2015 147 25.14 98.30 0.50 48.23 0.27 51.53
35 15.12.2015–03.05.2016 141 20.90 98.30 0.57 24.23 0.35 35.32
36 07.06.2016–16.07.2016 40 9.66 31.41 0.67 76.07 0.21 19.88
37 29.12.2016–23.03.2017 85 11.95 78.82 0.59 50.37 0.22 38.35
38 21.06.2017–02.09.2017 74 14.19 88.01 0.76 71.52 0.27 23.99
39 30.12.2017–31.03.2018 92 23.26 68.72 0.66 66.30 0.06 29.67
40 29.04.2018–13.07.2018 76 15.27 8.21 0.51 58.88 0.58 5.99
41 23.08.2018–31.10.2018 70 14.01 83.93 0.58 77.45 0.20 33.71

Selected characteristics of the investigated catchments (1989–2018)

No. River - water-gauge A [km2]* avgH* [m asl.] Q70% [m3/s] q70% [dm3/s/km2] ALq [dm3/s/km2] AAq [dm3/s/km2] AHq [dm3/s/km2]
1 Czarny Dunajec - Koniówka 134 1443.04 1.96 14.62 10.24 32.10 84.74
2 Dunajec – Nowy Targ 431.8 1370.38 3.95 9.15 6.52 20.26 53.37
3 Dunajec – Nowy Targ-Kowaniec 681.1 1367.85 7.16 10.51 7.72 21.75 53.09
4 Dunajec – Sromowce Wyżne 1278.3 1486.53 14.3 11.19 8.58 21.93 55.01
5 Dunajec – Krościenko 1580.3 1457.98 16.4 10.38 7.88 20.87 53.44
6 Dunajec – Gołkowice 2046.9 1407.70 19.5 9.53 7.43 19.39 49.76
7 Dunajec – Nowy Sącz 4341 1388.99 34 7.83 6.01 15.58 38.41
8 Kościeliski Stream – Kościelisko-Kiry 34.5 1540.25 0.82 23.77 15.88 51.50 134.31
9 Lepietnica – Ludźmierz 50.7 898.42 0.4 7.89 5.52 19.58 53.18
10 Wielki Rogoźnik – Ludźmierz 124.3 811.04 0.76 6.11 4.22 14.86 37.65
11 Biały Dunajec – Zakopane-Harenda 58.4 1385.29 1.12 19,18 13.51 42.04 110.78
12 Biały Dunajec – Szaflary 210.1 1313.51 2.8 13,33 9.88 26.09 61.27
13 Poroniec – Poronin 78.8 1360.62 0.73 9.26 6.63 13.02 53.96
14 Białka – Łysa Polana 63.1 1733.43 1.06 16.8 10.76 52.21 143.48
15 Białka – Trybsz 2 202.3 1569.16 3.06 15.13 10.31 37.85 101.45
16 Niedziczanka – Niedzica 136.4 769.00 0.74 5.43 3.40 15.27 42.07
17 Grajcarek – Szczawnica 73.6 868.10 0.54 7.34 5.36 16.92 43.16
18 Ochotnica – Tylmanowa 107.6 840.73 0.76 7.06 5.21 15.55 37.84
19 Poprad – Muszyna-Milik 1695.1 779.74 9.72 5.73 4.43 12.55 30.98
20 Poprad – Stary Sącz 2071 707.99 11.9 5.74 4.39 12.49 30.42

Parameters for linear trend equations in the series of selected spatial hydrological drought characteristics for the upper Dunajec river catchment (1989–2018) (significance of trends at level α=0.05)

Dt DRI DSI DDPC DCnI DCI
a −1.59 −0.39 −0.20 0.25 −0.35 0.001
R2 0.04 0.04 0.14 0.04 0.06 0.02
p (t-Student test) 0.225 0.216 0.018 0.207 0.123 0.375
p (Mann-Kendall test) 0.185 0.296 0.010 0.301 0.111 0.345
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