<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Increased geopolitical competition and growing economic nationalism after 2014 have gradually started to slow the trend of liberalization of international trade. Relations among certain national states have turned into trade wars – a hybrid phenomenon shaped at the intersection of geopolitics and geoeconomics. The paper explores global and regional trends in trade regulations introduced by the world's largest economies and, at the same time, its major military powers. The G20 countries’ role in these processes was illustrated through references to empirical data on the dynamics of the introduced trade regulations in 2009–2018. The effectiveness of the regulations index is proposed. Apart from the harm that deepening such negative trends in the global geostrategic balance does to broader bilateral relations, the role of trade wars in re-shaping globalization's established conditions is also discussed.</p>
</abstract>

Increased geopolitical competition and growing economic nationalism after 2014 have gradually started to slow the trend of liberalization of international trade. Relations among certain national states have turned into trade wars – a hybrid phenomenon shaped at the intersection of geopolitics and geoeconomics. The paper explores global and regional trends in trade regulations introduced by the world's largest economies and, at the same time, its major military powers. The G20 countries’ role in these processes was illustrated through references to empirical data on the dynamics of the introduced trade regulations in 2009–2018. The effectiveness of the regulations index is proposed. Apart from the harm that deepening such negative trends in the global geostrategic balance does to broader bilateral relations, the role of trade wars in re-shaping globalization's established conditions is also discussed.

<bold>Trade wars and the changing international order:</bold> a crisis of globalization?

Institute of Social and Economic Geography and Spatial Management

Miscellanea Geographica

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Increased geopolitical competition and growing economic nationalism after 2014 have gradually started to slow the trend of liberalization of international...

Trade wars and the changing international order: a crisis of globalization?

Published Online: Apr 30, 2021

Page range: 99 - 109

Received: May 03, 2020

Accepted: Jan 17, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0051

Keywords
Geoeconomics, geopolitics, globalization, G20, trade wars

© 2021 Valentin Mihaylov et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Trade wars and the changing international order: a crisis of globalization?

Published Online: Apr 30, 2021

Page range: 99 - 109

Received: May 03, 2020

Accepted: Jan 17, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0051

KeywordsGeoeconomics, geopolitics, globalization, G20, trade wars

© 2021 Valentin Mihaylov et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
Geoeconomics, geopolitics, globalization, G20, trade wars