<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec>
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>This study focuses on perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) content in chickens’ eggs and the livers of farm animals.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>Chickens’ eggs (n = 25) and the livers of cows (n = 10), chickens (n = 7) and horses (n = 3) were collected from various regions of Poland. Samples were analysed using the isotope dilution technique with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>The mean lower bound (LB) sum of four PFAS (∑4 PFAS) concentrations (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS)) were the highest in cows’ livers (0.52 μg/kg) and much lower in chickens’ (0.17 μg/kg) and horses’ livers (0.13 μg/kg) and chickens’ eggs (0.096 μg/kg). The ratio of ∑4 PFASs to the limits set by Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 was &lt;7% for liver and &lt;6% for eggs. Linear PFOS was the compound with the highest detection frequency (8% in eggs and 48% in all livers). In cows’ livers it was detected in 80% of samples. The estimated exposure to LB ∑4 PFASs <italic>via</italic> consumption of liver tissue from farm animals (assuming 50 g and 100 g portions) was &lt;52% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for children and &lt;17% of the TWI for adults. Dietary intake <italic>via</italic> the average portion of three eggs led to low exposure of &lt;15% for children and &lt;5% for adults.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>Neither eggs nor the livers of chickens or horses as analysed in this study are significant sources of PFASs, while cows’ livers might contribute significantly to a child’s overall dietary intake. Further investigation of PFOS in farm animal livers should be conducted.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
This study focuses on perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) content in chickens’ eggs and the livers of farm animals.


Material and Methods
Chickens’ eggs (n = 25) and the livers of cows (n = 10), chickens (n = 7) and horses (n = 3) were collected from various regions of Poland. Samples were analysed using the isotope dilution technique with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).


Results
The mean lower bound (LB) sum of four PFAS (∑4 PFAS) concentrations (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS)) were the highest in cows’ livers (0.52 μg/kg) and much lower in chickens’ (0.17 μg/kg) and horses’ livers (0.13 μg/kg) and chickens’ eggs (0.096 μg/kg). The ratio of ∑4 PFASs to the limits set by Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 was <7% for liver and <6% for eggs. Linear PFOS was the compound with the highest detection frequency (8% in eggs and 48% in all livers). In cows’ livers it was detected in 80% of samples. The estimated exposure to LB ∑4 PFASs via consumption of liver tissue from farm animals (assuming 50 g and 100 g portions) was <52% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for children and <17% of the TWI for adults. Dietary intake via the average portion of three eggs led to low exposure of <15% for children and <5% for adults.


Conclusion
Neither eggs nor the livers of chickens or horses as analysed in this study are significant sources of PFASs, while cows’ livers might contribute significantly to a child’s overall dietary intake. Further investigation of PFOS in farm animal livers should be conducted.

Chickens’ eggs and the livers of farm animals as sources of perfluoroalkyl substances

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Introduction
This study focuses on perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) content in chickens’ eggs and the livers of farm animals.


Material and Methods
Chickens’...

Chickens’ eggs and the livers of farm animals as sources of perfluoroalkyl substances

Published Online: Jun 20, 2024

Page range: 241 - 248

Received: Mar 21, 2024

Accepted: Jun 12, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0034

Keywords
PFASs, eggs, bovine liver, chicken liver, horse liver, risk assessment

© 2024 Szczepan Mikołajczyk et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Chickens’ eggs and the livers of farm animals as sources of perfluoroalkyl substances

Published Online: Jun 20, 2024

Page range: 241 - 248

Received: Mar 21, 2024

Accepted: Jun 12, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2024-0034

KeywordsPFASs, eggs, bovine liver, chicken liver, horse liver, risk assessment

© 2024 Szczepan Mikołajczyk et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
PFASs, eggs, bovine liver, chicken liver, horse liver, risk assessment