<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec>
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>In the light of the problem of antibiotic resistance, the use of combined alternative therapies in combatting bacteria-related disorders has gained popularity. Bacteriophages are one element implemented in new combination therapy. <italic>Stevia rebaudiana</italic> is known to have antimicrobial activity and regarded as potentially having a synergistic effect with bacteriophages. Therefore, possible interactions of lytic bacteriophages (MS2, T4 and Phi6) with acetone and methanol <italic>S. rebaudiana</italic> extracts (SRa and SRm) in the bacterial environment were examined.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>The interactions were tested using a microdilution method, phage-extract co-incubation assay, static interaction (synography) and dynamic growth profile experiments in a bioreactor.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>The interactions of the tested factors in a static environment differed from those in a dynamic environment. Dynamic conditions altered the effect of the extracts in a concentration-dependent manner. How different the effect of the SRa extract was to that of the SRm extract on bacterial growth in a dynamic environment depended on the species of the phage and bacterial host. The greatest differences were observed for <italic>E. coli</italic> strains and their phages, whereas <italic>Pseudomonas syringae</italic> and the Phi6 phage reacted very similarly to both extracts. Differences also emerged for the same extract in different <italic>E. coli</italic> strains and their phages.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>Every extract type should be tested on a case-by-case basis and experiment outcomes should not be generalised before gathering data. Moreover, many varied experiments should be performed, especially when examining such multifactorial mixtures. The tested mixtures could potentially be used in multidrug-resistant bacterial infection treatments.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
In the light of the problem of antibiotic resistance, the use of combined alternative therapies in combatting bacteria-related disorders has gained popularity. Bacteriophages are one element implemented in new combination therapy. Stevia rebaudiana is known to have antimicrobial activity and regarded as potentially having a synergistic effect with bacteriophages. Therefore, possible interactions of lytic bacteriophages (MS2, T4 and Phi6) with acetone and methanol S. rebaudiana extracts (SRa and SRm) in the bacterial environment were examined.


Material and Methods
The interactions were tested using a microdilution method, phage-extract co-incubation assay, static interaction (synography) and dynamic growth profile experiments in a bioreactor.


Results
The interactions of the tested factors in a static environment differed from those in a dynamic environment. Dynamic conditions altered the effect of the extracts in a concentration-dependent manner. How different the effect of the SRa extract was to that of the SRm extract on bacterial growth in a dynamic environment depended on the species of the phage and bacterial host. The greatest differences were observed for E. coli strains and their phages, whereas Pseudomonas syringae and the Phi6 phage reacted very similarly to both extracts. Differences also emerged for the same extract in different E. coli strains and their phages.


Conclusion
Every extract type should be tested on a case-by-case basis and experiment outcomes should not be generalised before gathering data. Moreover, many varied experiments should be performed, especially when examining such multifactorial mixtures. The tested mixtures could potentially be used in multidrug-resistant bacterial infection treatments.

The use of plant extracts and bacteriophages as an alternative therapy approach in combatting bacterial infections: the study of lytic phages and <italic>Stevia rebaudiana</italic>

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

The use of plant extracts and bacteriophages as an alternative therapy approach in combatting bacterial infections: the study of lytic phages and 

Introduction
In the light of the problem of antibiotic resistance, the use of combined alternative therapies in combatting bacteria-related disorders has...

The use of plant extracts and bacteriophages as an alternative therapy approach in combatting bacterial infections: the study of lytic phages and Stevia rebaudiana

Published Online: Dec 19, 2023

Page range: 545 - 557

Received: May 13, 2023

Accepted: Oct 12, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0059

Keywords
bacteriophage, plant extract, co-application

© 2023 Xymena Stachurska et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

The use of plant extracts and bacteriophages as an alternative therapy approach in combatting bacterial infections: the study of lytic phages and Stevia rebaudiana

Published Online: Dec 19, 2023

Page range: 545 - 557

Received: May 13, 2023

Accepted: Oct 12, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0059

Keywordsbacteriophage, plant extract, co-application

© 2023 Xymena Stachurska et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
bacteriophage, plant extract, co-application