<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_jvetres-2022-0064_s_005"><h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Previous <italic>gag</italic> and <italic>env</italic> sequence studies placed Polish small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) isolated from sheep and goats in subtypes B1, B2, A1, A5, A12, A13, A16–A18, A23, A24 and A27. This study extended the genetic/phylogenetic analysis of previously identified Polish SRLV strains by contributing long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2022-0064_s_006"><h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>A total of 112 samples were analysed. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out on the LTR fragment using the neighbour-joining, maximum likelihood, and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean methods.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2022-0064_s_007"><h3>Results</h3>
<p>Polish caprine and ovine LTR sequences clustered within group A and grouped in at least 10 clusters (subtypes A1, A5, A12, A13, A16–A18, A23, A24 and A27). Most of the Polish strains (78%) belonged to the same subtype by the indication of the <italic>gag</italic>, <italic>env</italic> and LTR genomic regions. Discrepancies in affiliation depending on the particular sequence were observed in 24 (21%) strains, most of which came from mixed-species flocks where more than one SRLV genotype circulated. Sequences of the LTR reflected subtype-specific patterns. Several subtype-specific markers were identified, <italic>e.g</italic>. a unique substitution of T to A in the fifth position of the TATA box in A17, A27, A20 and B3.</p></sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2022-0064_s_008"><h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>This study provides valuable insights into the genetic diversity of SRLV field strains in Poland, their phylogenetic relationships and their position in the recently established SRLV classification. Our results confirmed the existence of the ten subtypes listed and the readier emergence of new SRLV variants in mixed-species flocks.</p></sec>
</abstract>

Introduction
Previous gag and env sequence studies placed Polish small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) isolated from sheep and goats in subtypes B1, B2, A1, A5, A12, A13, A16–A18, A23, A24 and A27. This study extended the genetic/phylogenetic analysis of previously identified Polish SRLV strains by contributing long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences.
Material and Methods
A total of 112 samples were analysed. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out on the LTR fragment using the neighbour-joining, maximum likelihood, and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean methods.
Results
Polish caprine and ovine LTR sequences clustered within group A and grouped in at least 10 clusters (subtypes A1, A5, A12, A13, A16–A18, A23, A24 and A27). Most of the Polish strains (78%) belonged to the same subtype by the indication of the gag, env and LTR genomic regions. Discrepancies in affiliation depending on the particular sequence were observed in 24 (21%) strains, most of which came from mixed-species flocks where more than one SRLV genotype circulated. Sequences of the LTR reflected subtype-specific patterns. Several subtype-specific markers were identified, e.g. a unique substitution of T to A in the fifth position of the TATA box in A17, A27, A20 and B3.
Conclusion
This study provides valuable insights into the genetic diversity of SRLV field strains in Poland, their phylogenetic relationships and their position in the recently established SRLV classification. Our results confirmed the existence of the ten subtypes listed and the readier emergence of new SRLV variants in mixed-species flocks.

Phylogenetic analysis of small ruminant lentiviruses originating from naturally infected sheep and goats from Poland based on the long terminal repeat sequences

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Introduction
Previous gag and env sequence studies placed Polish small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) isolated from sheep and goats in subtypes B1, B2, A1, A5,...

Phylogenetic analysis of small ruminant lentiviruses originating from naturally infected sheep and goats from Poland based on the long terminal repeat sequences

Published Online: Nov 15, 2022

Page range: 497 - 510

Received: Jun 07, 2022

Accepted: Nov 03, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0064

Keywords
SRLV, maedi-visna virus, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, phylogeny, LTR

© 2022 M. Olech et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Phylogenetic analysis of small ruminant lentiviruses originating from naturally infected sheep and goats from Poland based on the long terminal repeat sequences

Published Online: Nov 15, 2022

Page range: 497 - 510

Received: Jun 07, 2022

Accepted: Nov 03, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2022-0064

KeywordsSRLV, maedi-visna virus, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, phylogeny, LTR

© 2022 M. Olech et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
SRLV, maedi-visna virus, caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, phylogeny, LTR