<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<sec id="j_jvetres-2020-0015_s_005">
<h3>Introduction</h3>
<p>Land application of manure that contains antibiotics and resistant bacteria may facilitate the establishment of an environmental reservoir of antibiotic-resistant microbes, promoting their dissemination into agricultural and natural habitats. The main objective of this study was to search for acquired antibiotic resistance determinants in the gut microbiota of wild boar populations living in natural habitats.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2020-0015_s_006">
<h3>Material and Methods</h3>
<p>Gastrointestinal samples of free-living wild boars were collected in the Zemplén Mountains in Hungary and were characterised by culture-based, metagenomic, and molecular microbiological methods. Bioinformatic analysis of the faecal microbiome of a hunted wild boar from Japan was used for comparative studies. Also, shotgun metagenomic sequencing data of two untreated sewage wastewater samples from North Pest (Hungary) from 2016 were analysed by bioinformatic methods. Minimum spanning tree diagrams for seven-gene MLST profiles of 104 <italic>E. coli</italic> strains isolated in Europe from wild boars and domestic pigs were generated in Enterobase.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2020-0015_s_007">
<h3>Results</h3>
<p>In the ileum of a diarrhoeic boar, a dominant <italic>E. coli</italic> O112ab:H2 strain with intermediate resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin was identified, displaying sequence type ST388 and harbouring the EAST1 toxin <italic>astA</italic> gene. Metagenomic analyses of the colon and rectum digesta revealed the presence of the <italic>tetQ</italic>, <italic>tetW</italic>, <italic>tetO</italic>, and <italic>mefA</italic> antibiotic resistance genes that were also detected in the gut microbiome of four other wild boars from the mountains. Furthermore, the <italic>tetQ</italic> and <italic>cfxA</italic> genes were identified in the faecal microbiome of a hunted wild boar from Japan.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="j_jvetres-2020-0015_s_008">
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
<p>The gastrointestinal microbiota of the free-living wild boars examined in this study carried acquired antibiotic resistance determinants that are highly prevalent among domestic livestock populations.</p>
</sec></abstract>

Introduction
Land application of manure that contains antibiotics and resistant bacteria may facilitate the establishment of an environmental reservoir of antibiotic-resistant microbes, promoting their dissemination into agricultural and natural habitats. The main objective of this study was to search for acquired antibiotic resistance determinants in the gut microbiota of wild boar populations living in natural habitats.


Material and Methods
Gastrointestinal samples of free-living wild boars were collected in the Zemplén Mountains in Hungary and were characterised by culture-based, metagenomic, and molecular microbiological methods. Bioinformatic analysis of the faecal microbiome of a hunted wild boar from Japan was used for comparative studies. Also, shotgun metagenomic sequencing data of two untreated sewage wastewater samples from North Pest (Hungary) from 2016 were analysed by bioinformatic methods. Minimum spanning tree diagrams for seven-gene MLST profiles of 104 E. coli strains isolated in Europe from wild boars and domestic pigs were generated in Enterobase.


Results
In the ileum of a diarrhoeic boar, a dominant E. coli O112ab:H2 strain with intermediate resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin was identified, displaying sequence type ST388 and harbouring the EAST1 toxin astA gene. Metagenomic analyses of the colon and rectum digesta revealed the presence of the tetQ, tetW, tetO, and mefA antibiotic resistance genes that were also detected in the gut microbiome of four other wild boars from the mountains. Furthermore, the tetQ and cfxA genes were identified in the faecal microbiome of a hunted wild boar from Japan.


Conclusion
The gastrointestinal microbiota of the free-living wild boars examined in this study carried acquired antibiotic resistance determinants that are highly prevalent among domestic livestock populations.

Metagenomic analysis of acquired antibiotic resistance determinants in the gut microbiota of wild boars <italic>(Sus scrofa)</italic> – preliminary results

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Metagenomic analysis of acquired antibiotic resistance determinants in the gut microbiota of wild boars  – preliminary results

Introduction
Land application of manure that contains antibiotics and resistant bacteria may facilitate the establishment of an environmental reservoir of...

Metagenomic analysis of acquired antibiotic resistance determinants in the gut microbiota of wild boars (Sus scrofa) – preliminary results

Published Online: Feb 29, 2020

Page range: 111 - 118

Received: Jun 03, 2019

Accepted: Feb 13, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2020-0015

Keywords
wild boar, intestinal microbiota, antibiotic resistance, tetracycline, natural habitat

© 2020 B. Libisch et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Metagenomic analysis of acquired antibiotic resistance determinants in the gut microbiota of wild boars (Sus scrofa) – preliminary results

Published Online: Feb 29, 2020

Page range: 111 - 118

Received: Jun 03, 2019

Accepted: Feb 13, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2020-0015

Keywordswild boar, intestinal microbiota, antibiotic resistance, tetracycline, natural habitat

© 2020 B. Libisch et al. published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Keywords
wild boar, intestinal microbiota, antibiotic resistance, tetracycline, natural habitat