<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Salmonid alphavirus (SAV), genus <italic>Alphavirus</italic>, family <italic>Togaviridae</italic>, is a single-stranded RNA virus affecting Atlantic salmon (<italic>Salmo salar</italic>) and rainbow trout (<italic>Oncorhynchus mykiss</italic>). It is known to be responsible for pancreas disease (PD) and sleeping disease (SD) which are increasing problems, causing high fish mortality and economic losses in the European aquaculture industry. Pancreas disease was first described in Atlantic salmon in Scotland in 1976 and a similar disease caused by the closely related sleeping disease virus was first described in rainbow trout in France. There have also been reports of salmonid alphavirus infections from other European countries, including Ireland, England, Norway, Germany, Italy, and Spain. Salmonid alphaviruses have been classified into six subtypes (SAV1–6). SAV1 and SAV4–6 cause pancreas disease in Atlantic salmon in Ireland or Scotland, SAV2 is the causative agent of sleeping disease in rainbow trout, and SAV3 has been detected in Atlantic salmon in Norway. The aim of this paper was to summarise current knowledge of infections caused by salmonid alphavirus and diagnostic methods including the newest techniques, and to briefly describe prevention from SAV infections by vaccination.</p></abstract>

Salmonid alphavirus (SAV), genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae, is a single-stranded RNA virus affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). It is known to be responsible for pancreas disease (PD) and sleeping disease (SD) which are increasing problems, causing high fish mortality and economic losses in the European aquaculture industry. Pancreas disease was first described in Atlantic salmon in Scotland in 1976 and a similar disease caused by the closely related sleeping disease virus was first described in rainbow trout in France. There have also been reports of salmonid alphavirus infections from other European countries, including Ireland, England, Norway, Germany, Italy, and Spain. Salmonid alphaviruses have been classified into six subtypes (SAV1–6). SAV1 and SAV4–6 cause pancreas disease in Atlantic salmon in Ireland or Scotland, SAV2 is the causative agent of sleeping disease in rainbow trout, and SAV3 has been detected in Atlantic salmon in Norway. The aim of this paper was to summarise current knowledge of infections caused by salmonid alphavirus and diagnostic methods including the newest techniques, and to briefly describe prevention from SAV infections by vaccination.

Salmonid alphavirus (SAV)

Department of Fish Pathology and Immunology

Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

Journal of Veterinary Research

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

{"article-title":"Salmonid alphavirus (SAV)"}

Salmonid alphavirus (SAV), genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae, is a single-stranded RNA virus affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout...

Vaccine name	Company	Type	Delivery method	Target species

PD	Pharmaq AS Norway	inactivated	injection	Atlantic salmon

Norvax Compact PD	MSD Animal Health	inactivated	injection	Atlantic salmon

AquaVac PD3	MSD Animal Health	inactivated	injection	Atlantic salmon

AquaVac PD7	MSD Animal Health	inactivated	injection	Atlantic salmon

Virus subtype	Optional virus name	Disease	Species	Location
SAV1	Salmon pancreas disease virus	PD PD – pancreas disease	Atlantic salmon (sea water) Rainbow trout (fresh water	Ireland, Scotland

SAV2 FW	Sleeping disease virus	SD SD – sleeping disease	Rainbow trout (fresh water) Atlantic salmon (sea water)	France, England, Scotland, Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, Switzerland

SAV2 MW	Salmon pancreas disease virus	PD	Atlantic salmon (sea water)	Norway, Scotland

SAV3	Norwegian salmon alphavirus	PD	Atlantic salmon (sea water) Rainbow trout (fresh water)	Norway

SAV4	Salmon pancreas disease virus	PD	Atlantic salmon (sea water)	Ireland, Scotland

SAV5	Salmon pancreas disease virus	PD	Atlantic salmon (sea water)	Scotland

SAV6	Salmon pancreas disease virus	PD	Atlantic salmon (sea water)	Ireland

Salmonid alphavirus (SAV)

Article Category: Review Article

Published Online: Mar 30, 2018

Page range: 1 - 6

Received: Nov 09, 2017

Accepted: Mar 15, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2018-0001

Keywords
Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, salmonid alphavirus, pancreas disease, sleeping disease

© 2018 I. Deperasińska et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Commercial vaccines against salmonid alphavirus

Summary of salmon alphavirus (SAV) subtypes

Salmonid alphavirus (SAV)

Article Category: Review Article

Published Online: Mar 30, 2018

Page range: 1 - 6

Received: Nov 09, 2017

Accepted: Mar 15, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2018-0001

KeywordsAtlantic salmon, rainbow trout, salmonid alphavirus, pancreas disease, sleeping disease

© 2018 I. Deperasińska et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Commercial vaccines against salmonid alphavirus

Summary of salmon alphavirus (SAV) subtypes

Keywords
Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, salmonid alphavirus, pancreas disease, sleeping disease