Open Access

Analysis of Root System Architecture Affected by Swarming Behavior

Songyang Li
Songyang Li
, 
Wenqi Yu
Wenqi Yu
, 
Xiaodong Liu
Xiaodong Liu
 and 
Miao Wang
Miao Wang
   | Jun 30, 2020
Journal of Horticultural Research's Cover Image
About this article
Previous Article
Next Article
Cite
Published Online: Jun 30, 2020
Page range: 1 - 12
Received: Jan 01, 2020
Accepted: Mar 01, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/johr-2020-0006
Keywords
© 2020 Songyang Li et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Schema of neighboring single roots. rti defines the position of the ith single root, D defines the growth direction of the ith single root, black circles represent single root tips, and white circles represent nutrient particles
Schema of neighboring single roots. rti defines the position of the ith single root, D defines the growth direction of the ith single root, black circles represent single root tips, and white circles represent nutrient particles

Fig. 2

Effect of swarming behavior on primary root lengths; primary root lengths in (a) random (p = 0.174), (b) layer (p = 0.003), and (c) gradient (p = 0.00) distributions
Effect of swarming behavior on primary root lengths; primary root lengths in (a) random (p = 0.174), (b) layer (p = 0.003), and (c) gradient (p = 0.00) distributions

Fig. 3

Effect of the swarming behavior on the lateral root length; lateral root lengths in the (a) random (p = 0.591), (b) layer (p = 0.00), and (c) gradient (p = 0.491) distributions
Effect of the swarming behavior on the lateral root length; lateral root lengths in the (a) random (p = 0.591), (b) layer (p = 0.00), and (c) gradient (p = 0.491) distributions

Fig. 4

Effect of swarming behavior on profiles of the lateral root number on the primary root; profiles of the lateral root number on the primary root in the (a) random, (b) layer, and (c) gradient distributions
Effect of swarming behavior on profiles of the lateral root number on the primary root; profiles of the lateral root number on the primary root in the (a) random, (b) layer, and (c) gradient distributions

Fig. 5

Effect of swarming behavior on the root system profile; root system profiles in the (a) random, (b) layer, and (c) gradient distributions
Effect of swarming behavior on the root system profile; root system profiles in the (a) random, (b) layer, and (c) gradient distributions

Fig. 6

Effect of swarming behavior on the resource particle uptake; resource particle uptake in the (a) random (p = 0.069), (b) layer (p = 0.00), and (c) gradient (p = 0.00) distributions
Effect of swarming behavior on the resource particle uptake; resource particle uptake in the (a) random (p = 0.069), (b) layer (p = 0.00), and (c) gradient (p = 0.00) distributions

Fig. 7

Effect of swarming behavior on root growth directions; root (radius > 0.001 m) growth direction in the (a) random, (b) layer, and (c) gradient distributions
Effect of swarming behavior on root growth directions; root (radius > 0.001 m) growth direction in the (a) random, (b) layer, and (c) gradient distributions

Parameters used in the study

Model parameterValueUnitDescription
Root growth period20daySteps of simulation
Root initial radius0.0018mRoot radius at the initiation of the root
Root initial position(0.25, 0.15, 0.25)-Root tip position at the initiation of the root
 E12per daySlope of growth rate versus diameter (Pagès 2011)
 dmin0.0002mMinimum diameter (Pagès 2011)
 dmax0.0018mMaximum diameter (Pagès 2011)
 ipd0.0012mInterprimordium distance (Pagès 2011)
 plre0.7-Potential probability of lateral root emergence (Araya et al. 2016)
 σ2-Variation in diameter of branch root (Pagès 2011)
 ρ0.01mRadius of repulsive volume (Henke et al. 2014)
 γ0.05mRadius of attractive volume (Henke, et al. 2014)
 θ65°Opening angle of the cone within which the nutrient particle is absorbed (Henke et al. 2014)
Gravitropic intensity0.15-Intensity of gravitropism (Henke et al. 2014)
Intensity of D′0.75-Intensity with which the root turns by the swarming behavior (Henke et al. 2014)
eISSN:
2300-5009
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
2 times per year
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, Biotechnology, Plant Science, Ecology, other
Journal RSS Feed