Open Access

Host status and susceptibility of Cannabis sativa cultivars to root-knot nematodes

J. Coburn
J. Coburn
 and 
J. Desaeger
J. Desaeger
   | Mar 14, 2024
Journal of Nematology's Cover Image
About this article
Previous Article
Next Article
Cite
Article Category: Research Paper
Published Online: Mar 14, 2024
Page range: -
Received: Apr 17, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2024-0003
Keywords
© 2024 J. Coburn et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Root galls caused by RKN (M. javanica and M. incognita mixed population) on hemp roots (cv. Carmagnola Selezionata, left) compared to cucumber roots (cv. Dasher II, middle) (Trial 1) and cv. Cherry Blossom × T1 (right; Trial 2) (Photos J. Coburn).
Root galls caused by RKN (M. javanica and M. incognita mixed population) on hemp roots (cv. Carmagnola Selezionata, left) compared to cucumber roots (cv. Dasher II, middle) (Trial 1) and cv. Cherry Blossom × T1 (right; Trial 2) (Photos J. Coburn).

Figure 2:

Hemp plant dry weights (g) for inoculated (+) and uninoculated (−) plants with a mixed population of root-knot species and six European hemp cultivars. Factor levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD with P ≤ 0.05 (Trial 1).
Hemp plant dry weights (g) for inoculated (+) and uninoculated (−) plants with a mixed population of root-knot species and six European hemp cultivars. Factor levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD with P ≤ 0.05 (Trial 1).

Figure 3:

Hemp plant dry weights (g) with a mixed population of root-knot species and 11 hemp cultivars; all plants were inoculated with 10,000 RKN eggs. Factor levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD with P ≤ 0.05 (Trial 2).
Hemp plant dry weights (g) with a mixed population of root-knot species and 11 hemp cultivars; all plants were inoculated with 10,000 RKN eggs. Factor levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD with P ≤ 0.05 (Trial 2).

Figure 4:

Hemp plant dry weights (g) for RKN inoculated (+) and uninoculated (−) plants with two CBD and two Chinese fiber hemp cultivars. Factor levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD with P ≤ 0.05 (Trial 3).
Hemp plant dry weights (g) for RKN inoculated (+) and uninoculated (−) plants with two CBD and two Chinese fiber hemp cultivars. Factor levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD with P ≤ 0.05 (Trial 3).

Figure 5:

Hemp plant dry weights (g) for two cannabigerol (CBG) hemp cultivars and a nematicide in naturally RKN-infested soil. P values (P ≤ 0.05) represent significant differences between cultivars by treatment (PG = Gold, PP= Panacea; NA = naturally infested soil, V = Velum, ST = steamed soil.). Velum was applied at 0.48 kg a.i./Ha. Factor levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD with P ≤ 0.05 (Trial 4).
Hemp plant dry weights (g) for two cannabigerol (CBG) hemp cultivars and a nematicide in naturally RKN-infested soil. P values (P ≤ 0.05) represent significant differences between cultivars by treatment (PG = Gold, PP= Panacea; NA = naturally infested soil, V = Velum, ST = steamed soil.). Velum was applied at 0.48 kg a.i./Ha. Factor levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD with P ≤ 0.05 (Trial 4).

Figure 6:

Cannabis sativa (cv. Panacea) 60 days after planting in RKN-infested field soil. (Left) naturally infested soil, (middle) nematicide-treated (fluopyram) soil, (right) steamed soil (Photo J. Coburn).
Cannabis sativa (cv. Panacea) 60 days after planting in RKN-infested field soil. (Left) naturally infested soil, (middle) nematicide-treated (fluopyram) soil, (right) steamed soil (Photo J. Coburn).

Figure 7:

Hemp plant dry weights (g) two hemp cultivars (Eletta Campana = fiber, Cherry Blossom × T1 = CBD) exposed to two RKN species, M. enterolobii and M. hapla. Factor levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD where P ≤ 0.05. PCBxT1 = Cherry Blossom × T1, PEC = Eletta (Trial 5).
Hemp plant dry weights (g) two hemp cultivars (Eletta Campana = fiber, Cherry Blossom × T1 = CBD) exposed to two RKN species, M. enterolobii and M. hapla. Factor levels not connected by the same letter are significantly different according to Tukey’s HSD where P ≤ 0.05. PCBxT1 = Cherry Blossom × T1, PEC = Eletta (Trial 5).

Nematode reproduction on two Chinese fiber and two CBD hemp cultivars after 60 days with a mixed population of M. incognita and M. javanica (Trial 3).

Gall Index (0–10) Eggs/Whole Root Eggs/g of Dry Root J2s/pot Reproduction Factor (Rf)
Bama 1.8 580 250 1,350 0.193
Puma-3 1.8 250 220 3,320 0.357
Cherry Blossom × T1 1.4 280 240 3,470 0.376
Cherry Blossom 1.2 260 190 2,740 0.299
Cucumber* 4.0 27,520 - 8,298 3.58
P value 0.633 0.341 0.624 0.657 0.694

Hemp cultivars evaluated with their given use and geographical origin.

Cultivar Origin Use
Cherry Blossom USA CBD
Cherry Blossom × T1 USA CBD
Gold USA CBG
Panacea USA CBG
Bama South China DUAL
Carmagnola Italy DUAL
Carmagnola Selezionata Italy DUAL
Helena Serbia DUAL
Tygra Poland DUAL
Yuma-2 South China DUAL
Eletta Campana Italy FIBER
Fibranova Italy FIBER
Puma-3 South China FIBER

Nematode reproduction on two cannabigerol (CBG) hemp cultivars after 60 days with a mixed natural field population of M. incognita and M. javanica with and without nematicide (V) application (Trial 4).

Gall Index Total Eggs/Root Eggs/g Dry Root Wt. J2s/Pot Pf
Gold 6.8b 253,600 192,620a 30,620b 284,230ab
Gold (V) 3.4de 82,980 68,710ab 19,980b 102,960b
Panacea 5.2c 113,640 47,430b 14,240b 127,880b
Panacea (V) 2.3e 47,100 24,400b 9,040b 44,910b
Tomato 8.2a 235,600 122,800ab 65,540a 301,140a
Tomato (V) 4.4cd 184,640 103,280ab 23,270b 207,910b
P value < 0.0001 0.099 0.041 < 0.0001 0.0002

Nematode reproduction on six European hemp cultivars after 60 days with a mixed population of M. incognita and M. javanica (Trial 1).

J2/stained root Gall Index (0–10) Eggs/Whole Root Eggs/g of Dry Root J2s/pot
Helena 15b 2.4 292,020 53,600 600
Tygra 6b 2.6 523,300 138,700 1,500
Fibranova 22ab 2.0 333,600 49,010 1,550
Eletta Campana 45ab 2.6 468,960 56,250 990
Carmagnola 41ab 2.8 401,410 52,420 350
Carmagnola Selezionata 60a 3.0 498,940 71,710 430
Cucumber* 45 7.0 460,800 - 225
P value 0.008 0.630 0.557 0.501 0.114

Nematode reproduction of M. enterolobii and M. hapla on a CBD and fiber cultivar after 60 days (Trial 5).

Gall Index (0–10) Eggs/Whole Root Eggs/g of Dry Root J2s/pot Reproduction Factor (Rf)
CBD - Cherry Blossom × T1 (+ Me) 1.4b 2,600 1,710 770b 0.338
Fiber - Eletta Campana (+ Me) 2.0b 16,300 7,475 1,300b 1.759
Cucumber (+ Me) 3.8a 27,030 16,850 4,860a 3.189
P value 0.004 0.188 0.187 0.046 0.158
CBD - Cherry Blossom × T1 (+ Mh) 1.8b 3,470a 1,490a 4,400 0.787
Fiber - Eletta Campana (+ Mh) 1.0b 1,640b 790ab 5,860 0.750
Cucumber (+ Mh) 3.8a 500b 130b 5,880 0.638
P value < 0.0001 0.003 0.025 0.773 0.871

Nematode reproduction on 11 hemp cultivars (European, Chinese and American, fiber, dual-use and CBD) after 60 days with a mixed population of M. incognita and M. javanica (Trial 2).

J2/stained root Gall Index (0–10) Eggs/Whole Root Eggs/g of Dry Root J2s/pot
Helena - 5.2a 211,100 172,680 19,530ab
Tygra - 5.8a 107,530 62,640 18,930ab
Fibranova - 3.8b 271,710 136,540 14,310b
Eletta Campana - 4.8a 197,730 86,940 23,720a
Carmagnola - 4.8a 172,330 57,310 17,000b
Carmagnola Selezionata - 4.8a 101,680 34,650 15,220b
Yuma-2 43 4.4b 270,980 43,590 15,810b
Bama 45 3.4b 153,540 29,740 8,600b
Puma-3 48 3.8b 180,480 31,580 7,420b
Cherry Blossom × T1 83 4.2b 187,900 51,740 11,490b
Cherry Blossom 74 1.8c 68,160 21,320 4,000b
Cucumber* - 7.2 218,260 - 9,702
P value 0.01 <0.001 0.599 0.093 0.014
eISSN:
2640-396X
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
Volume Open
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, other
Journal RSS Feed