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Comparative analysis of soil nematode biodiversity from five different fruit orchards in Osmaneli district, Bilecik, Türkiye

Taylan Çakmak
Taylan Çakmak
   | Mar 14, 2024
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Article Category: Research Paper
Published Online: Mar 14, 2024
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Received: Jan 06, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2024-0001
Keywords
© 2024 Taylan Çakmak, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Sampling sites, fruit tree orchards: cherry (a), nectarine (b), olive (c), plum (d), walnut (e), peach (f) trees.
Sampling sites, fruit tree orchards: cherry (a), nectarine (b), olive (c), plum (d), walnut (e), peach (f) trees.

Figure 2:

Comparative maturity index analysis of nematode c-p classification from five fruit orchards in Osmaneli, Bilecik, Türkiye.
Comparative maturity index analysis of nematode c-p classification from five fruit orchards in Osmaneli, Bilecik, Türkiye.

Figure 3:

Free-living nematode c-p classification from five fruit orchards in Osmaneli, Bilecik, Türkiye.
Free-living nematode c-p classification from five fruit orchards in Osmaneli, Bilecik, Türkiye.

Figure 4:

Food web analysis (Enrichment/Structure indices) from five fruit orchards in Osmaneli, Bilecik, Türkiye.
Food web analysis (Enrichment/Structure indices) from five fruit orchards in Osmaneli, Bilecik, Türkiye.

Figure 5:

Feeding types and their relative abundance of nematodes at different fruit tree orchards.
Feeding types and their relative abundance of nematodes at different fruit tree orchards.

Figure 6:

Distribution (%) of feeding types within the plant-parasitic nematodes from Osmaneli, Bilecik, Türkiye.
Distribution (%) of feeding types within the plant-parasitic nematodes from Osmaneli, Bilecik, Türkiye.

Figure 7:

Plant parasitic nematode c-p classification from five fruit orchards in Osmaneli, Bilecik, Türkiye.
Plant parasitic nematode c-p classification from five fruit orchards in Osmaneli, Bilecik, Türkiye.

Abundance of nematode genera found on 5 different fruit orchards at Osmaneli, Bilecik, Türkiye

Genus Name Family Name Walnut Plum Cherry Olive Nectarine Peach C-p class P-p class Feeding type
Achromadora Cobb, 1913 Chromadoridae 9 9 0 0 0 0 3 0 Predators
Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 Cephalobidae 21 54 3 10 0 10 2 0 Bacterivores
Alaimus de Man, 1880 Alaimidae 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 Bacterivores
Amplimerlinius Siddiqi, 1976 Dolichodoridae 0 0 0 0 4 2 0 3 Herbivores - ectoparasites
Anatonchus Cobb, 1916 Anatonchidae 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 0 Predators
Aphelenchoides Fischer, 1894 Aphelenchoididae 0 42 5 2 20 0 2 0 Fungivores
Aphelenchus Bastian, 1865 Aphelenchidae 19 40 10 0 38 0 2 0 Fungivores
Aporcelaimellus Heyns, 1965 Aporcelaimidae 10 6 0 0 0 20 5 0 Predators
Aporcelaimus Thorne & Swanger, 1936 Dorylaimidae 12 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 Predators
Basiria Siddiqi, 1959 Tylenchidae 4 2 0 0 2 0 0 2 Herbivores - epidermal/root hair feeders
Belondira Thorne, 1939 Belondiridae 16 2 0 0 0 2 0 5 Herbivores - ectoparasites
Belonolaimus Steiner, 1949 Hoplolaimidae 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Herbivores - ectoparasites
Cephalobus Bastian, 1865 Cephalobidae 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 Bacterivores
Cervidellus Thorne, 1937 Cephalobidae 0 4 0 0 6 0 2 0 Bacterivores
Chiloplacus Thorne, 1937 Cephalobidae 11 9 14 8 46 9 2 0 Bacterivores
Clarkus Jairajpuri, 1970 Mononchidae 0 0 0 23 0 30 4 0 Predators
Criconema Hofmänner & Menzel, 1914 Criconematidae 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 3 Herbivores - ectoparasites
Diplogaster Bigot, 1886 Diplogastridae 18 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Fungivores
Diphtherophora de Man, 1880 Diphtherophoridae 0 6 0 5 2 0 1 0 Bacterivores
Ecumenicus Thorne, 1974 Qudsianematidae 0 0 0 0 0 10 4 0 Omnivores
Eucephalobus Steiner, 1936 Cephalobidae 15 46 4 12 65 0 2 0 Bacterivores
Eudorylaimus Andrássy, 1959 Dorylaimidae 0 0 0 2 0 12 4 0 Predators
Eumonhystera Andrássy, 1981 Monhysteridae 0 0 13 3 0 0 2 0 Bacterivores
Filenchus Andrassy, 1954 Tylenchidae 0 0 1 0 8 0 2 0 Fungivores
Funaria Linde, 1938 Leptonchidae 24 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 Fungivores
Geomonhystera Andrássy, 1981 Monhysteridae 0 39 0 0 13 0 2 0 Bacterivores
Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945 Hoplolaimidae 2 92 34 10 6 4 0 3 Herbivores - semi-endoparasites
Heterodera Schmidt, 1871 Heteroderidae 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Herbivores - sedentary parasites
Hoplolaimus von Daday, 1905 Hoplolaimidae 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 Herbivores - semi-endoparasites
Labronema Thorne, 1939 Dorylaimidae 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 Predators
Malenchus Andrassy, 1968 Tylenchidae 12 6 14 8 5 2 0 2 Herbivores - epidermal/root hair feeders
Microdorylaimus Andrássy, 1986 Qudsianematidae 7 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 Omnivores
Monhystera Bastian, 1865 Monhysteridae 14 0 0 0 6 0 2 0 Bacterivores
Mononchus Bastian, 1865 Mononchidae 17 0 0 0 0 3 4 0 Predators
Mylonchulus Cobb, 1916 Mylonchulidae 0 0 3 13 0 0 4 0 Predators
Nagelus Thorne & Malek, 1968 Telotylenchidae 0 14 0 0 0 1 0 3 Herbivores - ectoparasites
Nygolaimus Cobb, 1913 Nygolaimidae 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 Predators
Panagrolaimus Fuchs, 1930 Panagrolaimidae 28 23 0 0 37 11 1 0 Bacterivores
Paratylenchus Filipjev, 1936 Criconematidae 23 9 0 0 77 8 0 2 Herbivores - ectoparasites
Plectus Bastian, 1865 Plectidae 24 6 0 0 2 0 2 0 Bacterivores
Pratylenchus Filipjev, 1936 Hoplolaimidae 28 5 0 101 1 4 0 3 Herbivores - migratory endoparasites
Prionchulus (Cobb, 1916) Wu & Hoeppli, 1929 Mononchidae 0 2 0 6 0 0 4 0 Predators
Prismatolaimus Micoletzky, 1922 Prismatolaimidae 0 12 0 0 0 0 3 0 Bacterivores
Rhabditis Dujardin, 1845 Rhabditidae 16 10 0 0 4 2 1 0 Bacterivores
Rotylenchus Filipjev, 1934 Hoplolaimidae 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 3 Herbivores - semi-endoparasites
Steinernema Travassos, 1927 Steinernematidae 0 271 0 387 0 0 1 0 Bacterivores
Telotylenchus Siddiqi, 1960 Tylenchidae 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 Herbivores - ectoparasites
Teratocephalus De Man, 1876 Teratocephalidae 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 Bacterivores
Tobrilus De Man, 1879 Tobrilidae 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 Predators
Tripylella Brzeski & Winiszewska-Slipinska, 1993 Tripylidae 9 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Predators
Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913 Belonolaimidae 6 7 15 1 19 5 0 3 Herbivores - ectoparasites
Tylenchus Bastian, 1865 Tylenchidae 0 0 2 1 23 3 0 2 Herbivores - epidermal/root hair feeders
Tylocephalus Crossman, 1933 Plectidae 0 4 0 0 0 0 2 0 Bacterivores
Xiphinema Cobb, 1913 Longidoridae 0 3 56 6 9 0 0 5 Herbivores - ectoparasites
TOTAL ABUNDANCE 365 729 175 600 407 142 2418

GPS Coordinates of the sampling sites; the location and host plant association.

No Latitude Longitude Plant/Variety/Local Name Host Plant Location
1 40.414325 29.847138 Nectarine (Venus®) Prunus nectaria L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
2 40.414325 29.847138 Nectarine (Venus®) Prunus nectaria L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
3 40.414325 29.847138 Nectarine (Venus®) Prunus nectaria L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
4 40.414325 29.847138 Nectarine (Venus®) Prunus nectaria L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
5 40.414325 29.847138 Nectarine (Venus®) Prunus nectaria L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
6 40.414325 29.847138 Nectarine (Venus®) Prunus nectaria L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
7 40.414325 29.847138 Nectarine (Venus®) Prunus nectaria L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
8 40.414325 29.847138 Nectarine (Venus®) Prunus nectaria L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
9 40.414325 29.847138 Nectarine (Venus®) Prunus nectaria L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
10 40.414325 29.847138 Nectarine (Venus®) Prunus nectaria L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
11 40.414325 29.847138 Cherry (Karabodur) Prunus avium L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
12 40.414325 29.847138 Cherry (Karabodur) Prunus avium L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
13 40.414325 29.847138 Cherry (Karabodur) Prunus avium L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
14 40.414325 29.847138 Cherry (Karabodur) Prunus avium L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
15 40.414325 29.847138 Cherry (Karabodur) Prunus avium L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
16 40.414325 29.847138 Cherry (Karabodur) Prunus avium L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
17 40.414325 29.847138 Cherry (Karabodur) Prunus avium L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
18 40.414325 29.847138 Cherry (Karabodur) Prunus avium L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
19 40.414325 29.847138 Cherry (Karabodur) Prunus avium L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
20 40.414325 29.847138 Cherry (Karabodur) Prunus avium L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
21 40.416001 29.862371 Plum (Karapapaz) Prunus Domestica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
22 40.416001 29.862371 Plum (Karapapaz) Prunus Domestica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
23 40.416001 29.862371 Plum (Karapapaz) Prunus Domestica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
24 40.416001 29.862371 Plum (Karapapaz) Prunus Domestica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
25 40.416001 29.862371 Plum (Karapapaz) Prunus Domestica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
26 40.416001 29.862371 Plum (Karapapaz) Prunus Domestica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
27 40.416001 29.862371 Plum (Karapapaz) Prunus Domestica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
28 40.416001 29.862371 Plum (Karapapaz) Prunus Domestica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
29 40.416001 29.862371 Plum (Karapapaz) Prunus Domestica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
30 40.416001 29.862371 Plum (Karapapaz) Prunus domestica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
31 40.414375 29.869060 Olive (Trilye) Olea europaea L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
32 40.414375 29.869060 Olive (Trilye) Olea europaea L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
33 40.414375 29.869060 Olive (Trilye) Olea europaea L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
34 40.414375 29.869060 Olive (Trilye) Olea europaea L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
35 40.414375 29.869060 Olive (Trilye) Olea europaea L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
36 40.414375 29.869060 Olive (Trilye) Olea europaea L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
37 40.414375 29.869060 Olive (Trilye) Olea europaea L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
38 40.414375 29.869060 Olive (Trilye) Olea europaea L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
39 40.414375 29.869060 Olive (Trilye) Olea europaea L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
40 40.414375 29.869060 Olive (Trilye) Olea europaea L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
41 40.403494 29.862752 Peach (Cresthaven®) Prunus persica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
42 40.403494 29.862752 Peach (Cresthaven®) Prunus persica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
43 40.403494 29.862752 Peach (Cresthaven®) Prunus persica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
44 40.403494 29.862752 Peach (Cresthaven®) Prunus persica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
45 40.403494 29.862752 Peach (Cresthaven®) Prunus persica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
46 40.403494 29.862752 Peach (Cresthaven®) Prunus persica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
47 40.403494 29.862752 Peach (Cresthaven®) Prunus persica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
48 40.403494 29.862752 Peach (Cresthaven®) Prunus persica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
49 40.403494 29.862752 Peach (Cresthaven®) Prunus persica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
50 40.403494 29.862752 Peach (Cresthaven®) Prunus persica L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
51 40.402088 29.867829 Walnut (Chandler®) Juglans regia L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
52 40.402088 29.867829 Walnut (Chandler®) Juglans regia L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
53 40.402088 29.867829 Walnut (Chandler®) Juglans regia L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
54 40.402088 29.867829 Walnut (Chandler®) Juglans regia L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
55 40.402088 29.867829 Walnut (Chandler®) Juglans regia L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
56 40.402088 29.867829 Walnut (Chandler®) Juglans regia L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
57 40.402088 29.867829 Walnut (Chandler®) Juglans regia L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
58 40.402088 29.867829 Walnut (Chandler®) Juglans regia L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
59 40.402088 29.867829 Walnut (Chandler®) Juglans regia L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik
60 40.402088 29.867829 Walnut (Chandler®) Juglans regia L. Bereket B. Osmaneli/Bilecik

Bilecik Province fruit production area and production amount of selected fruit types in 2022.*

Fruit name Production (in tonnes) Total Area of Production(1000m2) Yield per tree (kg) Number of matured trees Number of growing trees
Peach 35.948 20.391 39 911.994 24.38
Cherry 8.209 20.900 28 293.224 124.423
Olive 2.996 16.768 11 269.891 51.83
Walnut 2.157 41.935 18 117.255 130.918
Plum 1.647 3.661 20 81.593 10.521
Nectarine 1 1.700 20 40.01 210
TOTAL 71.024 138.383 2.32 2.154,944 450.346
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