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Effect of Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus araucensis, Meloidogyne spp. and their interaction on Musa AAB ‘Dominico Hartón’ seedlings


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Figure 1:

Effect of Radopholus similis populations on Musa AAB (Plantain subgroup) ‘Dominico Hartón’ seedlings during November 2018 – April 2019 (Experiment 1) and January–July 2019 (Experiment 2). A, B: Root and shoot biomass (g dry weight), (*) indicates differences (p < 0.05) in root weight, (+) shoot weight compared to the noninfected control, according to Dunnett's test. C, D: Functional roots (%), different letters indicate difference (p = 0.05), using Tukey's test; E, F: Nematode population (nematode number/100 g fresh weight), indicated by line, and root necrosis (%) indicated by bars; and the associated Pearson correlation (r) and probability (p).
Effect of Radopholus similis populations on Musa AAB (Plantain subgroup) ‘Dominico Hartón’ seedlings during November 2018 – April 2019 (Experiment 1) and January–July 2019 (Experiment 2). A, B: Root and shoot biomass (g dry weight), (*) indicates differences (p < 0.05) in root weight, (+) shoot weight compared to the noninfected control, according to Dunnett's test. C, D: Functional roots (%), different letters indicate difference (p = 0.05), using Tukey's test; E, F: Nematode population (nematode number/100 g fresh weight), indicated by line, and root necrosis (%) indicated by bars; and the associated Pearson correlation (r) and probability (p).

Figure 2:

Effect of Pratylenchus araucensis populations on Musa AAB (Plantain subgroup) ‘Dominico Hartón’ seedlings during November 2018 – April 2019 (Experiment 1) and January–July 2019 (Experiment 2). A, B: Root and shoot biomass (g dry weight), (*) indicates differences (p < 0.05) in root weight, (+) shoot weight compared to the noninfected control, according to Dunnett's test. C, D: Functional roots (%), different letters indicate difference (p = 0.05), using Tukey's test; E, F: Nematode population (nematode number/100 g fresh weight) indicated by line, and root necrosis (%) indicated by bars; and the associated Pearson correlation (r) and probability (p).
Effect of Pratylenchus araucensis populations on Musa AAB (Plantain subgroup) ‘Dominico Hartón’ seedlings during November 2018 – April 2019 (Experiment 1) and January–July 2019 (Experiment 2). A, B: Root and shoot biomass (g dry weight), (*) indicates differences (p < 0.05) in root weight, (+) shoot weight compared to the noninfected control, according to Dunnett's test. C, D: Functional roots (%), different letters indicate difference (p = 0.05), using Tukey's test; E, F: Nematode population (nematode number/100 g fresh weight) indicated by line, and root necrosis (%) indicated by bars; and the associated Pearson correlation (r) and probability (p).

Figure 3:

Effect of Meloidogyne arenaria + M. incognita (7:1 ratio) populations on Musa AAB (Plantain subgroup) ‘Dominico Hartón’ seedlings during November 2018–April 2019 (Experiment 1) and January–July 2019 (Experiment 2). A, B: Root and shoot biomass (g dry weight), (*) indicates differences (p < 0.05) in root weight, (+) shoot weight compared to the noninfected control, according to Dunnett's test. C, D: Functional roots (%), different letters indicate significant difference (p = 0.05), using Tukey's test; E, F: Nematode population (nematode number/100 g fresh weight) indicated by line, and gall indexes (%) indicated by bars; and the associated Pearson correlation (r) and probability (p).
Effect of Meloidogyne arenaria + M. incognita (7:1 ratio) populations on Musa AAB (Plantain subgroup) ‘Dominico Hartón’ seedlings during November 2018–April 2019 (Experiment 1) and January–July 2019 (Experiment 2). A, B: Root and shoot biomass (g dry weight), (*) indicates differences (p < 0.05) in root weight, (+) shoot weight compared to the noninfected control, according to Dunnett's test. C, D: Functional roots (%), different letters indicate significant difference (p = 0.05), using Tukey's test; E, F: Nematode population (nematode number/100 g fresh weight) indicated by line, and gall indexes (%) indicated by bars; and the associated Pearson correlation (r) and probability (p).

Figure 4:

Effect of the highest population of plant-parasitic nematodes on plant height and number of leaves of Musa AAB (Plantain subgroup) ‘Dominico Hartón’ seedlings, during January–July 2019. Plants infected with 3,000 nematodes/plant, from left to right: Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus araucensis, Meloidogyne spp., and mixed populations of 3,000 R. similis + 3,000 P. araucensis + 3,000 Meloidogyne spp., and noninfected plant (control).
Effect of the highest population of plant-parasitic nematodes on plant height and number of leaves of Musa AAB (Plantain subgroup) ‘Dominico Hartón’ seedlings, during January–July 2019. Plants infected with 3,000 nematodes/plant, from left to right: Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus araucensis, Meloidogyne spp., and mixed populations of 3,000 R. similis + 3,000 P. araucensis + 3,000 Meloidogyne spp., and noninfected plant (control).

Figure 5:

Concomitant effect of Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus araucensis and Meloidogyne spp. populations on Musa AAB (Plantain subgroup) ‘Dominico Hartón’ seedlings during November 2018 – April 2019 (Experiment 1) and January–July 2019 (Experiment 2). A, B: Root and shoot biomass (g dry weight), (*) indicates differences (p < 0.05) in root weight, (+) shoot weight compared to the noninfected control, according to Dunnett's test. C, D: Functional roots (%), different letters indicate difference (p = 0.05) using Tukey's test; E, F: Nematode population (nematode number/100 g fresh weight) indicated by line, and root necrosis (%) indicated by bars; and the associated Pearson correlation (r) and probability (p).
Concomitant effect of Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus araucensis and Meloidogyne spp. populations on Musa AAB (Plantain subgroup) ‘Dominico Hartón’ seedlings during November 2018 – April 2019 (Experiment 1) and January–July 2019 (Experiment 2). A, B: Root and shoot biomass (g dry weight), (*) indicates differences (p < 0.05) in root weight, (+) shoot weight compared to the noninfected control, according to Dunnett's test. C, D: Functional roots (%), different letters indicate difference (p = 0.05) using Tukey's test; E, F: Nematode population (nematode number/100 g fresh weight) indicated by line, and root necrosis (%) indicated by bars; and the associated Pearson correlation (r) and probability (p).

Plantain growth of (height and number of leaves) and number of root bases (places where roots attach to the corm) on the sucker showing lesions by nematodes on Musa AAB ‘Dominico Hartón’ inoculated with varying initial densities of Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus araucensis, Meloidogyne spp. and the mixture of 750 R. similis + 750 P. araucensis + 750 Meloidogyne spp. and the mixture of other proportions (1,500, 2,250 and 3,000 of each species of nematodes).

EXP Nematode population Radopholus similis Pratylenchus araucensis Meloidogyne spp. Concomitant nematode infestation




Height (cm) Leaf (#) Root base (#) Height (cm) Leaf (#) Root base (#) Height (cm) Leaf (#) Root base (#) Height (cm) Leaf (#) Root base (#)




Lesion Total Lesion Total Lesion Total Lesion Total
1 Controly 43 ax 5 a 0 27 43 a 5 a 0 27 43 a 5 a 0 27 43 a 5 a 0 27
750 37 b 6 a 18 25 36 b 5 a 13 21 36 b 5 a 14 23 35 b 5 a 16 20
1,500 37 b 5 a 17 21 37 b 5 a 16 24 38 b 5 a 14 20 38 a 5 a 18 23
2,250 37 b 6 a 18 20 40 b 5 a 17 26 40 b 5 a 16 23 37 a 4 a 19 21
3,000 38 b 5 a 20 24 37 b 5 a 14 22 40 b 6 a 15 20 32 a 5 a 18 20
2 Control 29 a 6 a 0 26 29 a 6 a 0 26 29 a 6 a 0 26 29 a 6 a 0 26
750 26 b 4 b 11 21 28 b 4 b 5 19 31 a 4 b 9 27 25 b 4 b 13 20
1,500 25 b 4 b 14 21 28 ab 4 b 8 20 30 a 4 b 5 23 27 b 4 b 16 19
2,250 28 ab 4 b 17 22 27 b 4 b 6 19 27 a 4 b 5 18 25 b 4 b 18 21
3,000 25 b 4 b 15 18 31 a 4 b 8 25 23 b 4 b 6 15 25 b 4 b 18 21
eISSN:
2640-396X
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
Volume Open
Journal Subjects:
Life Sciences, other