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<p>In recent years, some golf course superintendents in Florida have reported that the turf health is no longer as great, and nematode responses to fluopyram have decreased. The objective of this research was to determine if the mechanism of the reported reduced efficacy was attributable to either: <italic>i</italic>) enhanced degradation accelerating its breakdown in the soil, or <italic>ii</italic>) reduced sensitivity to the nematicide in the nematode populations. In a field experiment, soil and nematodes were collected from small plots that had been treated multiple times over four years, for only one year, or never treated. Soil and nematodes were additionally collected from commercial turf sites where either multiple applications of fluopyram had been made for numerous years, or it had never been used. Bioassay experiments found no evidence of enhanced degradation. However, <italic>M. graminis</italic> collected from small field plots and commercial sites with long-term use of fluopyram were less sensitive to fluopyram in-vitro than those from small plots and commercial sites where fluopyram had not been used. These results indicate that nematicide resistance is a likely cause of reduced fluopyram efficacy on golf-course turf in Florida.</p>
</abstract>

In recent years, some golf course superintendents in Florida have reported that the turf health is no longer as great, and nematode responses to fluopyram have decreased. The objective of this research was to determine if the mechanism of the reported reduced efficacy was attributable to either: i) enhanced degradation accelerating its breakdown in the soil, or ii) reduced sensitivity to the nematicide in the nematode populations. In a field experiment, soil and nematodes were collected from small plots that had been treated multiple times over four years, for only one year, or never treated. Soil and nematodes were additionally collected from commercial turf sites where either multiple applications of fluopyram had been made for numerous years, or it had never been used. Bioassay experiments found no evidence of enhanced degradation. However, M. graminis collected from small field plots and commercial sites with long-term use of fluopyram were less sensitive to fluopyram in-vitro than those from small plots and commercial sites where fluopyram had not been used. These results indicate that nematicide resistance is a likely cause of reduced fluopyram efficacy on golf-course turf in Florida.

Reduced Sensitivity to Fluopyram in <italic>Meloidogyne graminis</italic> following Long-Term Exposure in Golf Turf

Graduate Research Assistant and Professor, respectively, Entomology and Nematology Department

Journal of Nematology

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Reduced Sensitivity to Fluopyram in  following Long-Term Exposure in Golf Turf

In recent years, some golf course superintendents in Florida have reported that the turf health is no longer as great, and nematode responses to fluopyram have...

Reduced Sensitivity to Fluopyram in Meloidogyne graminis following Long-Term Exposure in Golf Turf

Article Category: Research Paper

Published Online: Nov 15, 2023

Page range: -

Received: Feb 16, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0048

Keywords
Management, nematicide, nematode, resistance, turfgrass

© 2023 Christian L. Kammerer et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Reduced Sensitivity to Fluopyram in Meloidogyne graminis following Long-Term Exposure in Golf Turf

Article Category: Research Paper

Published Online: Nov 15, 2023

Page range: -

Received: Feb 16, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0048

KeywordsManagement, nematicide, nematode, resistance, turfgrass

© 2023 Christian L. Kammerer et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords
Management, nematicide, nematode, resistance, turfgrass