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Smart needle electrical bioimpedance to provide information on needle tip relationship to target nerve prior to local anesthetic deposition in peripheral nerve block (USgPNB) procedures

Edel Whelton
Edel Whelton
, 
Lisa Helen
Lisa Helen
, 
Brian O’Donnell
Brian O’Donnell
, 
Martin O’Sullivan
Martin O’Sullivan
, 
Justina Ugwah
Justina Ugwah
, 
Walter Messina
Walter Messina
, 
Yineng Wang
Yineng Wang
, 
Niamh O’Mahoney
Niamh O’Mahoney
 and 
Eric Moore
Eric Moore
   | Dec 31, 2023
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Published Online: Dec 31, 2023
Page range: 53 - 59
Received: Apr 28, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2023-0007
Keywords
© 2023 Edel Whelton et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Fig.1:

Concept drawing of the smart needle with drug delivery tube and electrical connections.
Concept drawing of the smart needle with drug delivery tube and electrical connections.

Fig.2:

Smart needle positioned in the sciatic nerve [11].
Smart needle positioned in the sciatic nerve [11].

Fig.3:

Schematic of possible needle position within a nerve structure for bioimpedance measurement [11].
Schematic of possible needle position within a nerve structure for bioimpedance measurement [11].

Fig.4:

Bioimpedance of fat, muscle, and nerve in a freshly slaughtered pig carcass.
Bioimpedance of fat, muscle, and nerve in a freshly slaughtered pig carcass.

Fig.5:

Bioimpedance results of Sciatic A), Vagus B) and Femoral C) peripheral nerves demonstrating higher impedance at-nerve for femoral and brachial nerve and lower impedance in-nerve. The sciatic nerve has lower impedance at-nerve and higher impedance in-nerve.
Bioimpedance results of Sciatic A), Vagus B) and Femoral C) peripheral nerves demonstrating higher impedance at-nerve for femoral and brachial nerve and lower impedance in-nerve. The sciatic nerve has lower impedance at-nerve and higher impedance in-nerve.

Fig.6:

Ratio of neural to connective tissue in sciatic nerve in pig model 4 is represented in a) above & image of a stained sciatic nerve clearly defining locations of neural and connective tissue. Percentages of neural to connective tissue in pig 3 & 6 are represented in b) above demonstrating Percentages in other pig models are close to ratio of 1:1 in sciatic nerves evaluated.
Ratio of neural to connective tissue in sciatic nerve in pig model 4 is represented in a) above & image of a stained sciatic nerve clearly defining locations of neural and connective tissue. Percentages of neural to connective tissue in pig 3 & 6 are represented in b) above demonstrating Percentages in other pig models are close to ratio of 1:1 in sciatic nerves evaluated.

Fig.7:

The ratio of neural to connective tissue in femoral nerve in pig model 3 is represented in a) above & image of a stained femoral nerve clearly defining locations of neural and connective tissue. The percentages of neural to connective tissue in pig 1 & 5 is represented in b) above demonstrating Percentages in other pig models are close to ratio of 1.9:1 in femoral nerves evaluated.
The ratio of neural to connective tissue in femoral nerve in pig model 3 is represented in a) above & image of a stained femoral nerve clearly defining locations of neural and connective tissue. The percentages of neural to connective tissue in pig 1 & 5 is represented in b) above demonstrating Percentages in other pig models are close to ratio of 1.9:1 in femoral nerves evaluated.

Fig.8:

Ratio of neural to connective tissue in vagus nerve in pig model 7 is represented in a) above & image of a stained vagus nerve clearly defining locations of neural and connective tissue. Percentages of neural to connective tissue in pig 6 & 4 are represented in b) it can be observed that neural tissue is more abundant than connective tissue in other pig models in vagus nerves evaluated when compared to pig model 7.
Ratio of neural to connective tissue in vagus nerve in pig model 7 is represented in a) above & image of a stained vagus nerve clearly defining locations of neural and connective tissue. Percentages of neural to connective tissue in pig 6 & 4 are represented in b) it can be observed that neural tissue is more abundant than connective tissue in other pig models in vagus nerves evaluated when compared to pig model 7.
eISSN:
1891-5469
Language:
English
Publication timeframe:
Volume Open
Journal Subjects:
Engineering, Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Electronics, Life Sciences, Biophysics, Medicine, Biomedical Engineering, Physics, Spectroscopy and Metrology
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