This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Abramo, G., Ciriaco Andrea D’Angelo, & Zhang, L. (2018). A comparison of two approaches for measuring interdisciplinary research output: The disciplinary diversity of authors vs the disciplinary diversity of the reference list. Journal of Informetrics, 12(4), 1182–1193.AbramoG.D’AngeloCiriaco AndreaZhangL.2018A comparison of two approaches for measuring interdisciplinary research output: The disciplinary diversity of authors vs the disciplinary diversity of the reference list1241182119310.1016/j.joi.2018.09.001Search in Google Scholar
Ahlgren, P., Jarneving, B., & Rousseau, R. (2003). Requirements for a cocitation similarity measure, with special reference to pearson's correlation coefficient. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 54(6), 550–560.AhlgrenP.JarnevingB.RousseauR.2003Requirements for a cocitation similarity measure, with special reference to pearson's correlation coefficient54655056010.1002/asi.10242Search in Google Scholar
Brewer, D.J., Gates, S.M., & Goldman, C.A. (2001). In Pursuit of Prestige: Strategy and Competition in U.S. Higher Education. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, Rutgers University.BrewerD.J.GatesS.M.GoldmanC.A.2001Piscataway, NJTransaction Publishers, Rutgers UniversitySearch in Google Scholar
Buchan, I. (2002). Calculating the Gini coefficient of inequality. https://www.nibhi.org.uk/Training/Statistics/Gini%20coefficient.doc.BuchanI.2002https://www.nibhi.org.uk/Training/Statistics/Gini%20coefficient.doc.Search in Google Scholar
Carley, S., Porter, A.L., & Leydesdorff, I.R.L. (2017). Visualization of disciplinary profiles: Enhanced science overlay maps. Journal of Data and Information Science, 2(3), 68–111.CarleyS.PorterA.L.LeydesdorffI.R.L.2017Visualization of disciplinary profiles: Enhanced science overlay maps236811110.1515/jdis-2017-0015Search in Google Scholar
Dixon, P.M., & Weiner, J. (1987). Mitchell-Olds T, Woodley R. Boot-strapping the Gini coefficient of inequality. Ecology, 68, 1548–1551.DixonP.M.WeinerJ.Mitchell-OldsTWoodleyR1987Boot-strapping the Gini coefficient of inequality681548155110.2307/1939238Search in Google Scholar
Egghe, L., & Leydesdorff, L. (2009). The Relation between Pearson's correlation coefficient r and Salton's cosine measure. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 60(5), 1027–1036.EggheL.LeydesdorffL.2009The Relation between Pearson's correlation coefficient r and Salton's cosine measure6051027103610.1002/asi.21009Search in Google Scholar
Frenken, K., Oort, F. van, & Verburg, T.N. (2007). Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth. Regional Studies, 41(5), 685–697.FrenkenK.OortF. vanVerburgT.N.2007Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth41568569710.1080/00343400601120296Search in Google Scholar
Griliches, Z. (1994). Productivity, R&D and the Data constraint. American Economic Review, 84(1), 1–23.GrilichesZ.1994Productivity, R&D and the Data constraint84112310.1016/B978-0-7506-7009-8.50019-7Search in Google Scholar
Halffman, W., & Leydesdorff, L. (2010). Is inequality among universities increasing? Gini coefficients and the elusive rise of Elite Universities. Minerva, 48(1), 55–72.HalffmanW.LeydesdorffL.2010Is inequality among universities increasing? Gini coefficients and the elusive rise of Elite Universities481557210.1007/s11024-010-9141-3285052520401157Search in Google Scholar
Herfindahl, O.C. (1950). Concentration in the U.S. steel industry. New York: Columbia University.HerfindahlO.C.1950New YorkColumbia UniversitySearch in Google Scholar
Hirschman, A.O. (1945). National power and the structure of foreign trade. Berkeley: University of California Press.HirschmanA.O.1945BerkeleyUniversity of California PressSearch in Google Scholar
Kessler, M.M. (1963). Bibliographic coupling between scientific papers. American Documentation, 14, 10–25.KesslerM.M.1963Bibliographic coupling between scientific papers14102510.1002/asi.5090140103Search in Google Scholar
Leinster, T., & Cobbold, C.A. (2012). Measuring diversity: The importance of species similarity. Ecology, 93(3), 477–489.LeinsterT.CobboldC.A.2012Measuring diversity: The importance of species similarity93347748910.1890/10-2402.122624203Search in Google Scholar
Leydesdorff, L. (2006). Can scientific journals be classified in terms of aggregated journal-journal citation relations using the Journal Citation Reports? Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 57(5), 601–613.LeydesdorffL.2006Can scientific journals be classified in terms of aggregated journal-journal citation relations using the Journal Citation Reports?57560161310.1002/asi.20322Search in Google Scholar
Leydesdorff, L. (2015). Can technology life-cycles be indicated by diversity in patent classifications? The crucial role of variety. Scientometrics, 105(3), 1441–1451.LeydesdorffL.2015Can technology life-cycles be indicated by diversity in patent classifications? The crucial role of variety10531441145110.1007/s11192-015-1639-x464311426594072Search in Google Scholar
Leydesdorff, L., & Ivanova, I. (2021). The Measurement of “Interdisciplinarity” and “Synergy” in Scientific and Extra-Scientific Collaborations. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 72(1), 387–402. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24416LeydesdorffL.IvanovaI.2021The Measurement of “Interdisciplinarity” and “Synergy” in Scientific and Extra-Scientific Collaborations721387402doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.2441610.1002/asi.24416Search in Google Scholar
Leydesdorff, L., & Rafols, I. (2011). Indicators of the interdisciplinarity of journals: Diversity, centrality, and citations. Journal of Informetrics, 5(1), 87–100.LeydesdorffL.RafolsI.2011Indicators of the interdisciplinarity of journals: Diversity, centrality, and citations518710010.1016/j.joi.2010.09.002Search in Google Scholar
Le ydesdorff, L., & Schank, T. (2008). Dynamic animations of journal maps: Indicators of structural changes and interdisciplinary developments. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59(11), 1810–1818.Le ydesdorffL.SchankT.2008Dynamic animations of journal maps: Indicators of structural changes and interdisciplinary developments59111810181810.1002/asi.20891Search in Google Scholar
Leydesdorff, L., Wagner, C.S., & Bornmann, L. (2018). Betweenness and diversity in journal citation networks as measures of interdisciplinarity—A tribute to Eugene Garfield. Scientometrics, 114(2), 567–592.LeydesdorffL.WagnerC.S.BornmannL.2018Betweenness and diversity in journal citation networks as measures of interdisciplinarity—A tribute to Eugene Garfield114256759210.1007/s11192-017-2528-2580750029449751Search in Google Scholar
Leydesdorff, L., Wagner, C.S., & Bornmann, L. (2019). Diversity measurement: Steps towards the measurement of interdisciplinarity? Journal of Informetrics, 13(3), 904–905.LeydesdorffL.WagnerC.S.BornmannL.2019Diversity measurement: Steps towards the measurement of interdisciplinarity?13390490510.1016/j.joi.2019.03.016Search in Google Scholar
Leydesdorff, L., Wagner, C.S., & Bornmann, L. (2019). Interdisciplinarity as diversity in citation patterns among journals: Rao-Stirling Diversity, Relative Variety, and the Gini coefficient. Journal of Informetrics, 13(1), 255–264.LeydesdorffL.WagnerC.S.BornmannL.2019Interdisciplinarity as diversity in citation patterns among journals: Rao-Stirling Diversity, Relative Variety, and the Gini coefficient13125526410.1016/j.joi.2018.12.006Search in Google Scholar
Leydesdorff, L. & Zhou, P. (2007). Nanotechnology as a field of science: Its delineation in terms of journals and patents. Scientometrics, 70(3), 693–713.LeydesdorffL.ZhouP.2007Nanotechnology as a field of science: Its delineation in terms of journals and patents70369371310.1007/s11192-007-0308-0Search in Google Scholar
Leydesdorff, L., Wagner, C.S., & Zhang, L. (2021). Are University Rankings Statistically Significant? A Comparison among Chinese Universities and with the USA. Journal of Digital and Information Science and Technology JDIST; arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.08591.LeydesdorffL.WagnerC.S.ZhangL.2021Are University Rankings Statistically Significant? A Comparison among Chinese Universities and with the USAarXiv preprint arXiv:2011.08591.Search in Google Scholar
Liu, X. (2018). The ‘double first class’ initiative under top-level design. ECNU review of education. 1(1), 147–152.LiuX.2018The ‘double first class’ initiative under top-level design1114715210.30926/ecnuroe2018010109Search in Google Scholar
Lorenz, M. (1905). Methods of Measuring the Concentration of Wealth. Publications of the American Statistical Association, 9(70), 209–219.LorenzM.1905Methods of Measuring the Concentration of Wealth97020921910.2307/2276207Search in Google Scholar
Mills, J.A., & Zandvakili, A. (1997). Statistical inference via bootstrapping for measures of inequality. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 12, 133–150.MillsJ.A.ZandvakiliA.1997Statistical inference via bootstrapping for measures of inequality1213315010.1002/(SICI)1099-1255(199703)12:2<133::AID-JAE433>3.0.CO;2-HSearch in Google Scholar
Nijssen, D., Rousseau, R., & Hecke, P.V. (1998). The Lorenz curve: A graphical representation of evenness. 13(1), 33–38.NijssenD.RousseauR.HeckeP.V.19981313338Search in Google Scholar
Pfeffer, J., Mrvar, A., & Batagelj, V. (2013). txt2pajek: Creating Pajek Files from Text Files. Technical Report, 110, CMU-ISR-13.PfefferJ.MrvarA.BatageljV.2013Technical Report, 110, CMU-ISR-13.Search in Google Scholar
Porter, A.L., & Rafols, I. (2009). Is science becoming more interdisciplinary? Measuring and mapping six research fields over time. Scientometrics, 81(3), 719–745.PorterA.L.RafolsI.2009Is science becoming more interdisciplinary? Measuring and mapping six research fields over time81371974510.1007/s11192-008-2197-2Search in Google Scholar
Powell, W.W., & DiMaggio, P.J. (Eds.). (2012). The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.PowellW.W.DiMaggioP.J.(Eds.).2012ChicagoUniversity of Chicago PressSearch in Google Scholar
Pratt, A.D. (1977). A measure of class concentration in bibliometrics. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 28(5), 285–292.PrattA.D.1977A measure of class concentration in bibliometrics28528529210.1002/asi.4630280508Search in Google Scholar
Rafols, I. (2014). Knowledge integration and diffusion: Measures and mapping of diversity and coherence. In Measuring Scholarly Impact (pp. 169–190). Springer, Cham.RafolsI.2014Knowledge integration and diffusion: Measures and mapping of diversity and coherenceIn169190SpringerCham10.1007/978-3-319-10377-8_8Search in Google Scholar
Rafols, I., & Meyer, M. (2007). How cross-disciplinary is bionanotechnology? Explorations in the specialty of molecular motors. Scientometrics, 70(3), 633–650.RafolsI.MeyerM.2007How cross-disciplinary is bionanotechnology? Explorations in the specialty of molecular motors70363365010.1007/s11192-007-0305-3Search in Google Scholar
Rafols, I., & Meyer, M. (2010). Diversity and network coherence as indicators of interdisciplinarity: Case studies in bionanoscience. Scientometrics, 82(2), 263–287.RafolsI.MeyerM.2010Diversity and network coherence as indicators of interdisciplinarity: Case studies in bionanoscience82226328710.1007/s11192-009-0041-ySearch in Google Scholar
Rafols, I., Porter, A.L., & Leydesdorff, L. (2010). Science overlay maps: A new tool for research policy and library management. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(9), 1871–1887.RafolsI.PorterA.L.LeydesdorffL.2010Science overlay maps: A new tool for research policy and library management6191871188710.1002/asi.21368Search in Google Scholar
Rousseau, R. (1992). Concentration and diversity measures in informetric research. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Antwerp.RousseauR.1992Ph.D. Thesis,University of AntwerpSearch in Google Scholar
Rousseau, R. (2018). The repeat rate: From Hirschman to Stirling, Scientometrics, 116(1), 645–653.RousseauR.2018The repeat rate: From Hirschman to Stirling116164565310.1007/s11192-018-2724-8Search in Google Scholar
Rousseau, R. (2019). On the Leydesdorff-Wagner-Bornmann proposal for diversity measurement. Journal of Informetrics, 13(3), 906–907.RousseauR.2019On the Leydesdorff-Wagner-Bornmann proposal for diversity measurement13390690710.1016/j.joi.2019.03.015Search in Google Scholar
Salton, G., & McGill, M.J. (1983). Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval. Auckland, etc: McGraw-Hill.SaltonG.McGillM.J.1983Auckland, etcMcGraw-HillSearch in Google Scholar
Shannon, C.E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. The Bell System Technical Journal, 27(3), 379–423.ShannonC.E.1948A mathematical theory of communication27337942310.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.xSearch in Google Scholar
Simpson, E.H. (1949). Measurement of diversity. Nature, 163(4148), 688–688.SimpsonE.H.1949Measurement of diversity163414868868810.1038/163688a0Search in Google Scholar
Stirling, A. (1998). On the economics and analysis of diversity. Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU), Electronic Working Papers Series, Paper, 28, 1–156.StirlingA.1998On the economics and analysis of diversityElectronic Working Papers Series, Paper, 281156Search in Google Scholar
Stirling, A. (2007). A general framework for analysing diversity in science, technology and society. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 4(15), 707–719.StirlingA.2007A general framework for analysing diversity in science, technology and society41570771910.1098/rsif.2007.0213237338917327202Search in Google Scholar
Wagner, C.S., Bornmann, L., Cai, X., & Leydesdorff, L. (in preparation). Isomorphism as an Ordering Dynamic in the Growth of China's Science System.WagnerC.S.BornmannL.CaiX.LeydesdorffL.(in preparation).Search in Google Scholar
Waltman, L., Eck, N.J., & Noyons, E.C.M. (2010). A unified approach to mapping and clustering of bibliometric networks. Journal of Informetrics, 4(4), 629–635.WaltmanL.EckN.J.NoyonsE.C.M.2010A unified approach to mapping and clustering of bibliometric networks4462963510.1016/j.joi.2010.07.002Search in Google Scholar
Whitley, R.D. (1984). The Intellectual and Social Organization of the Sciences. Oxford: Oxford University Press.WhitleyR.D.1984OxfordOxford University PressSearch in Google Scholar
Zhang, L., Rousseau, R., & Glänzel, W. (2016). Diversity of references as an indicator of the interdisciplinarity of journals: Taking similarity between subject fields into account. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 67(5), 1257–1265.ZhangL.RousseauR.GlänzelW.2016Diversity of references as an indicator of the interdisciplinarity of journals: Taking similarity between subject fields into account6751257126510.1002/asi.23487Search in Google Scholar
Zhang, L., Sun, B., Chinchilla-Rodríguez, Z., Chen, L., & Huang, Y. (2018). Interdisciplinarity and collaboration: On the relationship between disciplinary diversity in departmental affiliations and reference lists. Scientometrics, 117(1), 271–291.ZhangL.SunB.Chinchilla-RodríguezZ.ChenL.HuangY.2018Interdisciplinarity and collaboration: On the relationship between disciplinary diversity in departmental affiliations and reference lists117127129110.1007/s11192-018-2853-0Search in Google Scholar
Zhang, L., Sun, B., Jiang, L., & Huang, Y. (2021). On the relationship between interdisciplinarity and impact: Distinct effects on academic and broader impact, Research Evaluation, rvab007. https://doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvab007ZhangL.SunB.JiangL.HuangY.2021On the relationship between interdisciplinarity and impact: Distinct effects on academic and broader impactrvab007. https://doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvab00710.1093/reseval/rvab007Search in Google Scholar