<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>This study investigates the optimal distribution and pattern of ground control points (GCPs) in aerial photogrammetric projects. Aerial triangulation (AT), also known as bundle adjustment, is the fundamental step in refining 3D reconstruction models and camera positions, thereby minimizing reprojection errors. The study utilizes data from a national project in Romania, employing high-resolution aerial images acquisition using photogrammetric sensors. The project has rigorous requirements of ground control points (GCP) placement and field measurements using GNSS and geometric leveling techniques. The study employs various scenarios, manipulating the number and distribution of GCPs, to assess their influence on planimetric and altimetric accuracy. Results indicate that the configuration and number of GCPs significantly affect the accuracy of photogrammetric products, such as dense image point clouds, digital surface models, and orthophotos. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of precise GCP determination methods, especially in regions lacking a precise gravimetric geoid model. In scenarios with inadequate GCP coverage the outcomes have inferior quality, emphasizing the critical role of GCPs in ensuring the quality of photogrammetric products. Overall, the research gives a clear view on the best placement patterns of GCPs and their influence on AT process evaluation performed in check points (CHKs).</p>
</abstract>

This study investigates the optimal distribution and pattern of ground control points (GCPs) in aerial photogrammetric projects. Aerial triangulation (AT), also known as bundle adjustment, is the fundamental step in refining 3D reconstruction models and camera positions, thereby minimizing reprojection errors. The study utilizes data from a national project in Romania, employing high-resolution aerial images acquisition using photogrammetric sensors. The project has rigorous requirements of ground control points (GCP) placement and field measurements using GNSS and geometric leveling techniques. The study employs various scenarios, manipulating the number and distribution of GCPs, to assess their influence on planimetric and altimetric accuracy. Results indicate that the configuration and number of GCPs significantly affect the accuracy of photogrammetric products, such as dense image point clouds, digital surface models, and orthophotos. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of precise GCP determination methods, especially in regions lacking a precise gravimetric geoid model. In scenarios with inadequate GCP coverage the outcomes have inferior quality, emphasizing the critical role of GCPs in ensuring the quality of photogrammetric products. Overall, the research gives a clear view on the best placement patterns of GCPs and their influence on AT process evaluation performed in check points (CHKs).

The Importance of Ground Control Points In A Photogrammetric Workflow

Cartography and Photogrammetry Department

Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"The Importance of Ground Control Points In A Photogrammetric Workflow"}

This study investigates the optimal distribution and pattern of ground control points (GCPs) in aerial photogrammetric projects. Aerial triangulation (AT),...

The Importance of Ground Control Points In A Photogrammetric Workflow

Published Online: May 20, 2024

Page range: 139 - 146

Received: Feb 29, 2024

Accepted: Mar 03, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2024-0017

Keywords
bundle adjustment, ground control points, check points, GNSS, geometric levelling

© 2024 Iuliana Maria Pârvu et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

The Importance of Ground Control Points In A Photogrammetric Workflow

Published Online: May 20, 2024

Page range: 139 - 146

Received: Feb 29, 2024

Accepted: Mar 03, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2024-0017

Keywordsbundle adjustment, ground control points, check points, GNSS, geometric levelling

© 2024 Iuliana Maria Pârvu et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Keywords
bundle adjustment, ground control points, check points, GNSS, geometric levelling