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Does coopetition pay off? Benefits of intra-organizational coopetition within business groups

Wioletta Mierzejewska
Wioletta Mierzejewska
   | Jun 30, 2023
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Article Category: Empirical Paper
Published Online: Jun 30, 2023
Page range: 150 - 167
Received: Mar 30, 2022
Accepted: Feb 28, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2023-0008
Keywords
© 2023 Wioletta Mierzejewska, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Benefits of coopetition identified in systematic literature reviews

Authors Benefits of coopetition
Gernsheimer et al. [2021] Innovation performance Firm performance Organizational learning Sustainability strategies
Dorn et al. [2016] Innovation Financial outcomes Value creation
Bouncken et al. [2015] Cost and risk sharing Economies of scale Synergy effect Access to resources and knowledge Innovation capacity Competitive advantage
Bengtsson and Raza-Ullah [2016] Innovation Knowledge related Firm performance Relational
Czakon et al. [2014] Synergistic use of resources Competitive advantage Innovation performance Market performance Financial performance

Benefits of intra-organizational coopetition differentiated by geographic area of activity, major shareholder, size of business group, and type of activity

Benefits of intra-organizational coopetition Type of dominant investor Size of a business group by payroll Type of activity Geographic area of activity
Domestic Mixed Foreign 50 or fewer 52–250 More than 250 Production Trade Services Mixed Domestic Foreign
Reduction in general costs of operation Did not check 16.5% 33.3% 14.3% 10.0% 10.5% 14.9% 11.1% 17.6% 20.5% 27.3% 12.9% 17.3%
Checked 83.5% 66.7% 85.7% 90.0% 89.5% 85.1% 88.9% 82.4% 79.5% 72.7% 87.1% 82.7%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Statistics

χ2 = 0.691 df = 2

p = 0.708 Phi = 0.076

χ2 = 4.638 df = 3

p = 0.200 Phi = 0.196

χ2 = 2.533 df = 3

p = 0,469 Phi = 0.145

χ2 = 0.319 df = 1

p = 0,572 Phi = -0.053
Reduction in R&D costs Did not check 49.5% 33.3% 28.6% 60.0% 63.2% 41.9% 50.0% 47.1% 33.3% 63.6% 51.6% 42.0%
Checked 50.5% 66.7% 71.4% 40.0% 36.8% 58.1% 50.0% 52.9% 66.7% 36.4% 48.4% 58.0%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Statistics

χ2 = 3.227 df = 2

p = 0.199 Phi = 0.163

χ2 = 4.701 df = 3

p = 0.195 Phi = 0.197

χ2 = 4.245 df = 3

p = 0.236 Phi = 0.187

χ2 = 0.843 df = 1

p = 0.359 Phi = 0.087
Reduction in transaction costs Did not check 41.2% 33.3% 38.1% 50.0% 47.4% 35.1% 35.2% 29.4% 48.7% 54.5% 48.4% 35.8%
Checked 58.8% 66.7% 61.9% 50.0% 52.6% 64.9% 64.8% 70.6% 51.3% 45.5% 51.6% 64.2%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Statistics

χ2 = 0.136 df =2

p = 0.934 Phi = 0.034

χ2 = 2.305 df = 3

p = 0.512 Phi = 0.138

χ2 = 3.494 df = 3

p = 0.322 Phi = 0.170

χ2 = 1.489 df = 1

p = 0.222 Phi = 0.115

Resource and competence development Did not check 15.5% 14.3% 20.0% 15.8% 13.5% 9.3% 35.3% 12.8% 18.2% 22.6% 12.3%
Checked 84.5% 100.0% 85.7% 80.0% 84.2% 86.5% 90.7% 64.7% 87.2% 81.8% 77.4% 87.7%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Statistics

χ2 = 0.557 df =2

p = 0.757 Phi = 0.068

χ2 = 0.374 df = 3

p = 0.946 Phi = 0.056

χ2 = 7.167 df = 3

p = 0.067 Phi = 0.243

χ2 = 1.824 df = 1

p = 0.177 Phi = 0.128
Increased number of new products or services in portfolio Did not check 25.8% 33.3% 33.3% 40.0% 42.1% 21.6% 13.0% 23.5% 43.6% 45.5% 25.8% 24.7%
Checked 74.2% 66.7% 66.7% 60.0% 57.9% 78.4% 87.0% 76.5% 56.4% 54.5% 74.2% 75.3%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Statistics

χ2 = 0.554 df =2

p = 0.758 Phi = 0.068

χ2 = 4.118 df = 3

p = 0.249 Phi = 0.184

χ2 = 12.763 df = 3

p = 0.005 Phi = 0.325

χ2 = 0.015 df = 1

p = 0.903 Phi = 0.012

Introduction of new organizational solutions Did not check 30.9% 33.3% 19.0% 60.0% 21.1% 28.4% 24.1% 35.3% 38.5% 9.1% 38.7% 28.4%
Checked 69.1% 66.7% 81.0% 40.0% 78.9% 71.6% 75.9% 64.7% 61.5% 90.9% 61.3% 71.6%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Statistics

χ2 = 1.214 df = 2

p = 0.545 Phi = 0.100

χ2 = 5.674 df = 3

p = 0.129 Phi = 0.217

χ2 = 4.784 df = 3

p = 0.188 Phi = 0.199

χ2 = 1.110 df = 1

p = 0.292 Phi = 0.100
Increased scale of foreign expansion/easier entry onto foreign markets Did not check 41.2% 33.3% 19.0% 50.0% 47.4% 33.8% 38.9% 35.3% 33.3% 45.5% 32.3% 38.3%
Checked 58.8% 66.7% 81.0% 50.0% 52.6% 66.2% 61.1% 64.7% 66.7% 54.5% 67.7% 61.7%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Statistics

χ2 = 3.658 df = 2

p = 0.161 Phi = 0.174

χ2 = 2.027 df = 3

p = 0.567 Phi = 0.129

χ2 = 0.663 df = 3

p = 0.882 Phi = 0.074

χ2 = 0.349 df = 1

p = 0.554 Phi = -0.056
Fuller use of market opportunities Did not check 43.3% 66.7% 42.9% 40.0% 36.8% 45.9% 33.3% 41.2% 56.4% 54.5% 45.2% 44.4%
Checked 56.7% 33.3% 57.1% 60.0% 63.2% 54.1% 66.7% 58.8% 43.6% 45.5% 54.8% 55.6%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Statistics

χ2 = 0.665 df = 2

p = 0.721 Phi = 0.074

χ2 = 0.574 df = 3

p = 0.902 Phi = 0.069

χ2 = 5.486 df = 3

p = 0.139 Phi = 0.213

χ2 = 0.005 df = 1

p = 0.946 Phi = 0.006
Improved competitive advantage Did not check 17.5% 4.8% 10.0% 26.3% 14.9% 13.0% 17.6% 12.8% 27.3% 25.8% 11.1%
Checked 82.5% 100.0% 95.2% 90.0% 73.7% 85.1% 87.0% 82.4% 87.2% 72.7% 74.2% 88.9%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Statistics

χ2 = 2.759 df = 2

p = 0.252 Phi = 0.151

χ2 = 3.386 df = 3

p = 0.336 Phi = 0.167

χ2 = 1.724 df = 3

p = 0.632 Phi = 0.119

χ2 = 3.761 df = 1

p = 0.052 Phi = 0.183
Improved market position Did not check 17.5% 33.3% 4.8% 40.0% 15.8% 12.2% 11.1% 17.6% 23.1% 9.1% 22.6% 13.6%
Checked 82.5% 66.7% 95.2% 60.0% 84.2% 87.8% 88.9% 82.4% 76.9% 90.9% 77.4% 86.4%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Statistics

χ2 = 2.847 df = 2

p = 0.241 Phi = 0.153

χ2 = 5.174 df = 3

p = 0.160 Phi = 0.207

χ2 = 2.874 df = 3

p = 0.411 Phi = 0.154

χ2 = 1.346 df = 1

p = 0.246 Phi = 0.110
Improved profitability Did not check 35.1% 14.3% 20.0% 36.8% 29.7% 20.4% 35.3% 38.5% 45.5% 45.2% 24.7%
Checked 64.9% 100.0% 85.7% 80.0% 63.2% 70.3% 79.6% 64.7% 61.5% 54.5% 54.8% 75.3%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Statistics

χ2 = 4.862 df = 2

p = 0.088 Phi = 0.200

χ2 = 0.968 df = 3

p = 0.809 Phi = 0.089

χ2 = 5.117 df = 3

p = 0.163 Phi = 0.206

χ2 = 4.443 df = 1

p = 0.035 Phi = 0.199
Increased value Did not check 25.8% 66.7% 9.5% 30.0% 31.6% 23.0% 14.8% 23.5% 35.9% 27.3% 29.0% 19.8%
Checked 74.2% 33.3% 90.5% 70.0% 68.4% 77.0% 85.2% 76.5% 64.1% 72.7% 71.0% 80.2%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Statistics

χ2= 5.579 df = 2

p = 0.061 Phi = 0.215

χ2 = 1.370 df = 3

p = 0.712 Phi = 0.106

χ2 = 5.596 df = 3

p = 0.133 Phi = 0.215

χ2 = 1.113 df = 1

p = 0.291 Phi = 0.100
Improved position relative to suppliers Did not check 28.9% 66.7% 19.0% 50.0% 36.8% 24.3% 27.8% 17.6% 35.9% 18.2% 35.5% 28.4%
Checked 71.1% 33.3% 81.0% 50.0% 63.2% 75.7% 72.2% 82.4% 64.1% 81.8% 64.5% 71.6%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Statistics

χ2 = 3.089 df = 2

p = 0.213 Phi = 0.160

χ2 = 3.923 df = 3

p = 0.270 Phi = 0.180

χ2 = 2.631 df = 3

p = 0.452 Phi = 0.147

χ2 = 0.533 df = 1

p = 0.465 Phi = 0.069
Improved position relative to buyers Did not check 44.3% 38.1% 70.0% 47.4% 40.5% 35.2% 29.4% 59.0% 36.4% 64.5% 35.8%
Checked 55.7% 100.0% 61.9% 30.0% 52.6% 59.5% 64.8% 70.6% 41.0% 63.6% 35.5% 64.2%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Statistics

χ2 2 = 2.516 df =2

p = 0.284 Phi = 0.144

χ2 = 4.997 df = 3

p = 0.172 Phi = 0.203

χ2 = 6.884 df =3

p = 0.076 Phi = 0.239

χ2 = 7.511 df = 1

p = 0.006 Phi = 0.259
Splitting of operational risk Did not check 29.9% 28.6% 50.0% 26.3% 25.7% 22.2% 35.3% 33.3% 36.4% 41.9% 24.7%
Checked 70.1% 100.0% 71.4% 50.0% 73.7% 74.3% 77.8% 64.7% 66.7% 63.6% 58.1% 75.3%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Statistics

χ2 = 1.267 df = 2

p = 0.531 Phi = 0.102

χ2 = 2.774 df = 3

p = 0.428 Phi = 0.151

χ2 = 2.180 df =3

p = 0.536 Phi = 0.134

χ2 = 3.208 df = 1

p = 0.073 Phi = 0.169
Better knowledge creation and sharing Did not check 41.2% 33.3% 42.9% 30.0% 47.4% 43.2% 33.3% 47.1% 41.0% 72.7% 35.5% 44.4%
Checked 58.8% 66.7% 57.1% 70.0% 52.6% 56.8% 66.7% 52.9% 59.0% 27.3% 64.5% 55.6%
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Statistics

χ2 2 = 0.100 df = 2

p = 0.951 Phi = 0.029

χ2 = 1.402 df = 3

p = 0.705 Phi = 0.108

χ2 = 6.128 df =3

p = 0.106 Phi = 0.225

χ2 = 0.739 df = 1

p = 0.390 Phi = -0.081

Benefits of intra-organizational coopetition indicated by surveyed managers [%]

Benefits of intra-organizational coopetition Checked Did not check
Resource and competence development 85.1 14.9
Improved competitive advantage 85.1 14.9
Improved market position 84.3 15.7
Reduction in general costs of operation 83.5 16.5
Increased value 76.0 24
Increased number of new products or services in portfolio 72.7 27.3
Improved position relative to suppliers 71.9 28.1
Introduction of new organizational solutions 71.1 28.9
Splitting of operational risk 71.1 28.9
Improved profitability 69.4 30.6
Increased scale of foreign expansion/easier entry onto foreign markets 62.8 37.2
Reducion in transaction costs 59.5 40.5
Better knowledge creation and sharing 58.7 41.3
Improved position relative to buyers 57.9 42.1
Fuller use of market opportunities 56.2 43.8
Reduction in R&D costs 54.5 45.5
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