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Figure 1

Key components of an effective mentoring relationship.Source: [Eller et al. 2014].
Key components of an effective mentoring relationship.Source: [Eller et al. 2014].

Features of an effective mentor

Created by Characteristics
Gholam [2018] Engagement in the role of a mentor, acceptance of a beginner's mentee, ability to provide support, effectiveness in various interpersonal contexts, pattern of continuous learning, transferring hope and optimism, perceiving that people can change and want to develop, understanding how people learn, perceiving individual differences, inspiring, developing competences and encouraging cooperation rather than competition, creating positive relationships with the mentee, honesty, a trustworthy person, responsible.
Sanfey et al. [2013] Supporting the development of the mentees in many ways, ensuring that the mentees achieve scientific goals, contributing to the personal development of the mentees, promoting their integration into the social environment in the workplace and helping them establish professional relationships, protecting against excessive requirements, providing guidance on how to move in institutional policy and advising which activities “support career” and which “kill career,” encouraging and trusting the mentees, providing a supportive environment, providing frequent feedback.
Abiddin and Hassan [2012] Permissive not authoritarian, good time manager, well-educated, good communicator, having knowledge of the value of action learning, is well-organized.
Barrett et al. [2017] Supportive, communicative, and trustworthy, while providing guidance and developing skills.
Perry and Parikh [2018] Altruism, honesty, selflessness, active listening, compassion, indiscriminate attitude, enthusiasm and wisdom, ability to cooperate, skills, accessibility, intellectual predispositions.

Challenges of e-mentoring and suggestions for institution to overcome the issues

Challenges of e-mentoring Suggestions for institution
Aspects of interpersonal dynamics of CMC. Encourage mentees to switch on their video and microphone when talking.Allow mentees to use emoji and filter backgrounds.
Slow development of relationships in CMC. Utilize a variety of communication apps (e.g., WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram).Increase the frequency of the conversation.Mentors to initiate the conversation.
The requirement of specific skills in technology for effective e-mentoring session. Continuous practice to improve computer skills.Establish a technical support team to assist mentors and mentees with these technical problems.Provide training sessions, briefing sessions, or video recordings on new apps as guidance for mentors and mentees.
The risk of device failure during e-mentoring session. Establish and seek technical support team.
Additional responsibility as a mentor (e.g., student counselor). Establish a support group of fellow mentors.Provide counseling training session.