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Serological and molecular detection of neurocysticercosis among epileptic patients in Nagpur, Maharashtra state (India)

K. Satyaprakash
K. Satyaprakash
, 
W. A. Khan
W. A. Khan
, 
N. N. Zade
N. N. Zade
, 
S. P. Chaudhari
S. P. Chaudhari
, 
S. V. Shinde
S. V. Shinde
, 
N. V. Kurkure
N. V. Kurkure
 and 
P. K. Shembalkar
P. K. Shembalkar
   | Dec 26, 2023
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Published Online: Dec 26, 2023
Page range: 208 - 220
Received: Mar 10, 2021
Accepted: Jul 07, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2023-0023
Keywords
© 2023 K. Satyaprakash et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

(A–E) ELISA OD values using WCA (Fig. 1A), CFA (Fig. 1B), SA (Fig. 1C), ESA (Fig. 1D) and MBA (Fig. 1E) against sera samples from epileptic patients (n=26). The horizontal bar denotes cut-off.
(A–E) ELISA OD values using WCA (Fig. 1A), CFA (Fig. 1B), SA (Fig. 1C), ESA (Fig. 1D) and MBA (Fig. 1E) against sera samples from epileptic patients (n=26). The horizontal bar denotes cut-off.

Fig. 2.

(A–B) Number (Fig. 2A) and reactivity frequency (Fig. 2B) of immunodominant bands recognized by anti-cysticercus antibodies in the sera of patients (n=26) against respective antigens.
(A–B) Number (Fig. 2A) and reactivity frequency (Fig. 2B) of immunodominant bands recognized by anti-cysticercus antibodies in the sera of patients (n=26) against respective antigens.

Fig. 3.

Agarose gel electrophoresis showing amplification product (286 bp) by PCR targeted at large subunit rRNA gene of Taenia solium for detection of NCC in epileptic patients. The numbers (1–26) designate the patients under study. DNA extracted from metacestodes of T. solium is used as positive control and nuclease free water as negative control respectively.
Agarose gel electrophoresis showing amplification product (286 bp) by PCR targeted at large subunit rRNA gene of Taenia solium for detection of NCC in epileptic patients. The numbers (1–26) designate the patients under study. DNA extracted from metacestodes of T. solium is used as positive control and nuclease free water as negative control respectively.

Seropositivity by indirect IgG-ELISA according to location of lesions.

Location of lesions Number of patients (%) Anti-Cysticercus IgG-ELISA positivity
WCA CFA SA ESA MBA
Left parietal lobe 14 (53.84) 4 (28.57) 5 (35.71) 7 (50.0) 5 (35.74) 3 (21.42)
Right parietal lobe 2 (7.69) 0 0 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 0
Left frontal lobe 4 (15.38) 1 (25.0) 1 (25.0) 0 1 (25.0) 0
Right frontal lobe 3 (11.53) 0 0 0 0 1 (33.0)
Occipital lobe 1 (3.84) 0 0 1 (100.0) 0 0
Temporal lobe 1 (3.84) 0 0 0 0 0
Basal ganglia 1 (3.84) 0 0 1 (100.0) 1 (100.0) 0
Total 26 (100.0) 5 (19.23) 6 (23.07) 10 (38.41) 8 (30.76) 4 (15.38)

Seropositivity by indirect IgG-ELISA and EITB assay against the antigens under study.

Scenario Number of patients showing seropositive results in ELISA and(or) EITB
WCA CFA SA ESA MBA
Presence of both Anti-Cysticercus antibody in IgG-ELISA and Immunodominant band in EITB 2 3 7 6 4
Presence of Anti-Cysticercus antibody in IgG-ELISA, but absence of Immunodominant band in EITB 3 3 2 2 0
Absence of Anti-Cysticercus antibody in IgG-ELISA, but presence of Immunodominant band in EITB 8 4 1 1 5

Age and gender distribution of epileptic patients.

Age (years) Male (%) Female (%) Total (%)
< 15 3 (11.53) 1 (3.84) 4 (15.38)
15–29 8 (30.76) 3 (11.53) 11 (42.30)
30–44 7 (26.92) 3 (11.53) 10 (38.46)
≥45 1 (3.84) 0 (0) 1 (3.84)
Total 19 (73.07) 7 (26.93) 26 (100.0)

Seropositivity result by indirect IgG-ELISA according to type of antigens and CT/MRI lesions*.

Type of lesion Number of Patients (%) Number of patients seropositive against the antigens
WCA (%) CFA (%) SA (%) ESA (%) MBA (%)
Granular nodular 4 (15.38) 0 0 1 (25.0) 0 0
Calcified granular 13 (50.0) 2 (15.38) 3 (23.07) 6 (46.15) 5 (38.46) 1 (7.69)
Ring enhancing 6 (23.07) 3 (50.0) 2 (33.33) 3 (50.0) 3 (50.0) 2 (33.33)
Calcified spots 3 (11.53) 0 1 (33.33) 0 0 0
Total 26 (100.0) 5 (19.23) 6 (23.07) 10 (38.46) 8 (30.76) 4 (15.38)

Seropositivity by indirect IgG-ELISA according to number of lesions.

Number of lesions Number of patients Anti-cysticercus IgG ELISA positivity
WCA CFA SA ESA MBA
Single lesion 19 (73.07) 3 (15.78) 2 (10.52) 8 (42.14) 4 (21.05) 3 (15.78)
Multiple lesions 7 (26.93) 2 (28.57) 4 (57.14) 2 (28.57) 4 (57.14) 1 (14.28)
Total 26 (100.0) 5 (19.23) 6 (23.07) 10 (38.41) 8 (30.76) 4 (15.38)
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