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Prevalence of ruminant paramphistomosis and comparative histopathology of the infected rumens in Narowal district, Punjab, Pakistan

H. M. Rizwan
H. M. Rizwan
, 
M. Usman
M. Usman
, 
M. A. Naeem
M. A. Naeem
, 
M. U. Farid
M. U. Farid
, 
M. Younus
M. Younus
, 
M. S. Sajid
M. S. Sajid
, 
U. B. Tahir
U. B. Tahir
, 
N. Luqman
N. Luqman
, 
H. Abbas
H. Abbas
, 
M. K. Ateeq
M. K. Ateeq
, 
M. S. A. Taseer
M. S. A. Taseer
 and 
M. Asif
M. Asif
   | Dec 30, 2022
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Published Online: Dec 30, 2022
Page range: 377 - 384
Received: Aug 10, 2022
Accepted: Nov 18, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2022-0041
Keywords
© 2022 H. M. Rizwan, M. Usman, M. A. Naeem, M. U. Farid, M. Younus, M. S. Sajid, U. B. Tahir, N. Luqman, H. Abbas, M. K. Ateeq, M. S. A. Taseer, M. Asif, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

The percentage prevalence and burden of Paramphistomum spp. in ruminants of district Narowal, Punjab Pakistan
The percentage prevalence and burden of Paramphistomum spp. in ruminants of district Narowal, Punjab Pakistan

Fig. 2

Histo-micrograph of different ruminal sections collected from different groups of large ruminants. Ruminal sections showing normal tunics of rumen along with the epithelial thickness, ruminal papilla length and width, tunica submucosa and muscularis externae. These parameters are recorded significantly decreased with the parasitic loads in different groups. The disruption of epithelium (ED) in the ruminal mucosa is seen in the GB and GC. Furthermore, compromised cell junctions in the epithelium (small black arrow) are also seen in GB and GC (H&E, Upper row 40X, lower row 100X, scale bar 100μm). Normal: Normal or control negative group, GA: Animals with parasitic load of 10-20/5cm2, Group B (GB) animals with the parasitic load 20-40/5cm2.Group C (GC): Animal with parasitic load >41/5cm2. PL: Ruminal papilla length, PW: Ruminal papilla width, TS: Tunica submucosa, TM: Muscularis externae, EW: Epithelium thickness.
Histo-micrograph of different ruminal sections collected from different groups of large ruminants. Ruminal sections showing normal tunics of rumen along with the epithelial thickness, ruminal papilla length and width, tunica submucosa and muscularis externae. These parameters are recorded significantly decreased with the parasitic loads in different groups. The disruption of epithelium (ED) in the ruminal mucosa is seen in the GB and GC. Furthermore, compromised cell junctions in the epithelium (small black arrow) are also seen in GB and GC (H&E, Upper row 40X, lower row 100X, scale bar 100μm). Normal: Normal or control negative group, GA: Animals with parasitic load of 10-20/5cm2, Group B (GB) animals with the parasitic load 20-40/5cm2.Group C (GC): Animal with parasitic load >41/5cm2. PL: Ruminal papilla length, PW: Ruminal papilla width, TS: Tunica submucosa, TM: Muscularis externae, EW: Epithelium thickness.

Fig. 3

Histo-micrograph of different ruminal sections collected from different groups of small ruminants. Ruminal sections showing normal tunics of rumen along with the epithelial thickness, ruminal papilla length and width, tunica submucosa and muscularis externae in upper row. These parameters are recorded significantly decreased with the parasitic loads as showed in lower row. The disruption of epithelium (small arrow) in the ruminal mucosa (H&E, left column 40X, right column100X, scale bar 100μm).
Histo-micrograph of different ruminal sections collected from different groups of small ruminants. Ruminal sections showing normal tunics of rumen along with the epithelial thickness, ruminal papilla length and width, tunica submucosa and muscularis externae in upper row. These parameters are recorded significantly decreased with the parasitic loads as showed in lower row. The disruption of epithelium (small arrow) in the ruminal mucosa (H&E, left column 40X, right column100X, scale bar 100μm).

Binary logistic regression analysis for factors potentially associated with Paramphistomum infection in ruminants of district Narowal, Punjab Pakistan.

Variables Categories Paramphistomum
 Test (p-value) OR (95% CI)
Yes No
Age Adult 190 117 33.027 (0.000)* 0.002 (0.000 – 0.018)
Young
 26
 51
 –
 –
Sex Male 126 129 53.253 (0.000)* 8.968 (4.975 – 16.165)
Female
 90
 39
 –
 –
Species Cattle 76 34 29.590 (0.000)* 10.997 (4.636 – 26.090)
Goat 53 68 28.446 (0.000)* 328.390 (39.053 – 2761.354)
Sheep 22 31 0.049 (0.825) 1.089 (0.513 – 2.310)
Buffalo 65 35 – –

Analysis of Means ± SEM of different histological features of rumens amongst different groups of large and small ruminants of Narowal district, Punjab, Pakistan.

Parameters (μm) Normal Group A Group B Group C
Large Ruminants
Epithelium Thickness 46.96±2.05a 35.49±1.93b 31.12±1.82b 31.07±1.68b
Ruminal Papilla Length 645.34±10.27a 562.98±17.57 b 448.42±6.48c 424.42±15.12c
Ruminal Papilla Width 310.63±25.47a 290.80±27.88 a 284.52±4.15 a 209.55±6.31b
Tela Submucosa 213.39±8.61a 194.69±6.64ab 198.08±10.28ab 192.01±5.54ab
Muscularis Externae 714.83±31.76a 697.85±34.71b 533.91±16.12c 525.35±12.82c
Small Ruminants
Epithelium Thickness 41.65±3.24 a 38.2±0.76 a 29.76±4.76 b 30.78±0.97 b
Ruminal Papilla Length 712.87±9.27 a 680.37±12.72 a 503.46±15.7 b 418.30±17.36 c
Ruminal Papilla Width 205.32±7.5 a 187.97±7.5 a 198.31±4.2 a 190.47±10.3 a
Tela Submucosa 177.45±8.3 a 175.37±9.1 a 168.59±6.3 a 170.67±10.2 a
Muscularis Externae 503.46±23.29 a 498.71±15.78 a 415.60±12.08 b 405.36 ±16.32 b
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