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Chrome-Free Sheep Leathers with Antimicrobiological Protection for Medical and Therapeutic Applications

Michalina Falkiewicz-Dulik
Michalina Falkiewicz-Dulik
   | Jun 27, 2024
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Article Category: Research Article
Published Online: Jun 27, 2024
Page range: 1 - 9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ftee-2024-0021
Keywords
© 2024 Michalina Falkiewicz-Dulik, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1.

The evaluation of antibacterial activity of sheep leather samples on the flesh and fleece side
The evaluation of antibacterial activity of sheep leather samples on the flesh and fleece side

Fig. 2.

The evaluation of antifungal activity of sheep leather samples on the flesh and fleece side
The evaluation of antifungal activity of sheep leather samples on the flesh and fleece side

Fig. 3.

The evaluation of antifungal activity of sheep leather samples – assessment of growth in agar medium under the samples
The evaluation of antifungal activity of sheep leather samples – assessment of growth in agar medium under the samples

Fig. 4.

Inhibition demonstration of bacterial growth by sample no. 4
Inhibition demonstration of bacterial growth by sample no. 4

Fig. 5.

Inhibition demonstration of fungal growth by sample no. 4
Inhibition demonstration of fungal growth by sample no. 4

Determination of the antibacterial activity of leather samples against bacteria: S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa

Sample No. Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Inhibition zone of growth [mm] W/S Growth W/S Assessment W/S Inhibition zone of growth [mm] W/S Growth W/S Assessment W/S Inhibition zone of growth [mm] W/S Growth W/S Assessment W/S
1 0/0 heavy/none insufficient effect/good effect 0/0 heavy/none insufficient effect/good effect 0/0 heavy/none insufficient effect/good effect
2 0/0 heavy/none insufficient effect/good effect 0/0 heavy/none insufficient effect/good effect 0/0 heavy/none insufficient effect/good effect
3 0/6 heavy/none insufficient effect/good effect 0/7 heavy/none insufficient effect/good effect 0/7,5 heavy/none insufficient effect/good effect
4 1,5/5,5 none/none good effect/good effect 1,5/7 none/none good effect/good effect 0/2,5 none/none good effect/good effect

Determination of antifungal activity of leather samples against fungi: C. albicans, A. brasiliensis and T. mentagrophytes

Sample number Candida albicans Aspergillus brasiliensis Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Inhibition zone of growth [mm] W/S Assessment of growth on samples W/S Assessment of growth in agar medium under the samples W/S Inhibition zone of growth [mm] W/S Assessment of growth on samples W/S Assessment of growth in agar medium under the samples W/S Inhibition zone of growth [mm] W/S Assessment of growth on samples W/S Assessment of growth in agar medium under the samples W/S
1 0/0 1*/1 5/5 0/0 4/3 5/3 0/0 3/3 4/2
2 0/0 1*/1 5/4 0/0 4/2 4/3 0/0 3/2 4/1
3 0/0 1*/0 5/0 0/53 3/0 4/0 0/62 3/0 4/0
4 54/65 0/0 0/0 0/29 0/0 0/0 71/59 0/0 0/0

Test results of physical and chemical parameters for sheep skins protected with an agent containing a zinc pyrithione formulation.

No. Indicator name Unit of measure Result Technical requirements according to ŁIT in Krakow Method
1.

Tear strength

- along

- across

 N

206,4

188,5

 ≥ 100 PN –EN ISO 3376:2012
2.

Max. elongation

- along

- across

 %

59,6

58,8

 ≥ 50
3.

Temperature of shrink

- along

- across

 ºC

86

85,5

 > 70 PN-EN ISO 3380:2015-11
4.

Abrasion resistance load 9 kPa

- dry

- wet

 number of cycles

25 600

in the middle part of the samples, the fleece was abrasion to a height of about 10 mm, full fleece was observed at the periphery of the samples;

12 800

fulling of wool hair

≥ 25 600 without skin damage

≥ 12 800 without skin damage

 PN-EN ISO 20344:2012 p.6.12
5.

pH / number of differences

- wool

- skin

 -

3,5

4,3

3,5–7,0

For pH < 4,00 number of differences ≤0,7

 PN-EN ISO 4045:2018-09
6. Water vapour permeability mg/(cm2 h) 11,43 ≥ 4

PN-EN ISO 14268:2013-03 (water vapor permeability for leather)

PN-EN ISO 17229:2016-05 (water vapor absorption)
Water vapour absorption mg/cm2 7,74 not normalized
7. Water vapour coefficient mg/cm2 99,2 min. 33
8.

Seam tearing force

- along

- across

 N

111,7

113,5

 ≥ 70 PN-EN ISO 23910
9. Formaldehyde mg/kg (58,1 ±0,8) ≤ 75,0 PN-EN ISO 17226-2:2019-05
10. Chrome(VI) mg/kg undetectable 1/ undetectable PN-EN ISO 5398-2:2010
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